A MODEL FOR QUANTITATIVELY ESTIMATING SHORT-RANGE PRECIPITATION BASED ON GMS DIGITALIZED CLOUD MAPS—PART Ⅱ:ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS FROM THE MODEL FOR SATELLITE-IMAGE QUANTITATIVELY ESTIMATING PRECIPITATION

This is Part Ⅱ of this series.It introduces the technique for recognizing MαCS phased properties and its precipitation center or centers by means of dynamic digitalized cloud maps and presents the assessment of the effectiveness of the model proposed in Part Ⅰ as to its fitting and forecasting accuracy.     

干旱区天然植被生态需水量计算方法

依据生态适宜性理论,建立了植物生长与地下水位关系的对数正态分布模型;基于此模型,结合遥感技术进行的生态分区和植物生理需水的现场实验数据,提出了干旱区天然植被生态需水量计算方法;应用此方法计算了黑河流域额济纳旗天然植被生态需水量,计算成果与其他成果比较相差较小。结果表明,该计算方法是合理的,可以推广应用于干旱区其他地区。     

煤炭地质系统计算机应用的回顾与思考

物探研究院计算中心的发展是中国煤炭地质总局应用计算机处理煤田地质勘探资料工作的一个缩影。自70年代中期以来，计算机技术得到飞速发展，为适应地质勘探需求，煤炭地质总局计算中心进行了四次引进，推进了计算机在煤炭地质勘探方面的应用。文章简要回顾了煤田系统计算机应用概况，总结经验，反思不足，并对今后这项工作方向提出了个人的看法。     

Information About Low Cloud Amount Recorded in δ~(13)C Series of Tree Ring Cellulose of Pinus Koraiensis in Antu Area, Jilin

Information About Low Cloud Amount Recorded in δ~(13)C Series of Tree Ring Cellulose of Pinus Koraiensis in Antu Area, Jilin@徐海$Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences! Guiyang 550002, China @洪业汤$Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences!Guiyang 550002, China @朱咏喧$Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences!Beijing 100039, China @刘广深$Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences!Beijing 100039, China~~~~…     

Assessment of three numerical solution strategies for gravity field recovery from GOCE satellite gravity gradiometry implemented on a parallel platform

 The recovery of a full set of gravity field parameters from satellite gravity gradiometry (SGG) is a huge numerical and computational task. In practice, parallel computing has to be applied to estimate the more than 90 000 harmonic coefficients parameterizing the Earth's gravity field up to a maximum spherical harmonic degree of 300. Three independent solution strategies (preconditioned conjugate gradient method, semi-analytic approach, and distributed non-approximative adjustment), which are based on different concepts, are assessed and compared both theoretically and on the basis of a realistic-as-possible numerical simulation regarding the accuracy of the results, as well as the computational effort. Special concern is given to the correct treatment of the coloured noise characteristics of the gradiometer. The numerical simulations show that the three methods deliver nearly identical results—even in the case of large data gaps in the observation time series. The newly proposed distributed non-approximative adjustment approach, which is the only one of the three methods that solves the inverse problem in a strict sense, also turns out to be a feasible method for practical applications. Received: 17 December 2001 / Accepted: 17 July 2002 Acknowledgments. We would like to thank Prof. W.-D. Schuh, Institute of Theoretical Geodesy, University of Bonn, for providing us with the serial version of the PCGMA algorithm, which forms the basis for the parallel PCGMA package developed at our institute. This study was partially performed in the course of the GOCE project `From E?tv?s to mGal+', funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) under contract No. 14287/00/NL/DC. Correspondence to: R. Pail     

利用ISCCP资料分析青藏高原云气候特征

利用ISCCP提供的1983年7月－1993年12月3h一次的月平均卫星决云量资料，将整个高原分为39个网格点，分析了高原总云量的年、季节、日变化规律及其空间分布特征，并根据高原水汽条件和地形动力影响以及环流特征作出一定的科学解释。将ISCCP总云量与地面观测总云量分布形势作了比较，证明了ISCCP－D2资料的合理性。对总云量与OLR进行相关分析，发现夏季相关好，冬季相关差。     

台风中尺度对流云团与中尺度暴雨相互关系的综合分析

选取1996-1998年5个登陆福建的台风，分析其中尺度暴雨时空分布规律；并通过对数学化处理的逐时红外卫星云图的研究，揭示台风中尺度对流系统发生发展的云图特征。分析表明台风中尺度暴雨的强度与中尺度对流云团的最冷云区温度和面积密切相关，常出现在中尺度对流云团偏东侧具有云顶温度梯度密集、云顶温度等值线曲率较大、云团处在发展阶段这些云图特征的区域。     

对华南对流云中过冷云水-飞机积冰的直接气象因子的中尺度数值预报试验

利用“海峡两岸及临近地区暴雨试验”（HUAMEX）加密观测资料和MM5湿物理显式方案模拟研究了1998.5.23-24自粤北移向南海海岸冷锋前对流云团中的云物理过程，给出了造成飞机积冰的直接气象因子-云中过冷水的空间分布和随时间演变及其与水汽、冰相（冰晶、霰、雪）、垂直气流的相互关系。结果显示，当对流较强因而产生冰相后，由于冰粒子与过冷水间的碰并及过冷水滴蒸发，过冷水迅速减少；当对流较弱因而只有液相云水而无冰相加入时，过冷云水维持。模拟试验显示具有完善湿物理显式方案的高分辨非静力平衡中尺度数值模式MM5可用于对飞机积冰的直接气象因子-云中过冷水的数值预报。     

中尺度层状云系数值预报系统及其业务化应用试验

研制了中尺度静力平衡层状云系数值模式；针对人工影响天气业务特点，开发了模式预处理、后处理和产品服务系统；初步建立了一套可在业务中实时运行的中尺度层状云系数值预报业务系统。经过两年多的业务运行试验，结果表明：系统运行稳定，功能实用，对降水场和云场具有一定的预报能力；对小、中雨量级的稳定性降水预报准确率较高；模拟的云场同卫星、雷达实测云系有较好的一致性。可为人工影响天气作业决策及降水预报等实时业务提供帮助。     

用多谱阈值法进行GMS-5卫星云图云型分类的研究

介绍了利用GMS-5卫星云图资料获得晴空、半透明云或碎云和高、中、低云的方法。基于最优回归统计法得出多谱阈值与等压面温度的统计关系，利用MM5中尺度数值预报模式的预报结果计算动态变化的多谱阈值，使云判别阈值能适应不同的天气。实际资料试验表明：多谱阈值法是一种可行的云判别和支分类的方法。该方法能较准确地区分云与晴空、判别出高云和低云，对半透明云或碎云及中云也有一定的判别能力。该方法基本能应用于实时云分类 业务。