我国土壤热流场及与深层大地热流场的比较

本文提出岩石圈内的某些过程是气候变迁的重要原因之一。并依据对土壤热流、大地热流、地震和旱涝关系研究所得到的一些现象和结论,利用气象站地温资料计算了土壤热流,初步分析得到如下主要结论:(1)据线性热传导理论设计的热流的计算方法基本上可以满足多年平均土壤热流场计算精度的要求;(2)平均土壤热流场、深层大地热流场、地震带三者之间有很好的对应关系。平均土壤热流高值带一般都有大地热流高值带和地震带与之对应;(3)土壤热流距平场与汛期降水场有相似的分布形势,土壤热流距平的变化与强震也有一定的联系。     

萨拉乌苏河地区地层中的碎屑矿物及其所反映的中更新世末期以来之气候环境变化

文章根据对萨拉乌苏河地区第四纪地层中的碎屑矿物分析结果,将重矿物按其抗化学风化的能力不同分为不稳定、较稳定、稳定和极稳定四种类型,不同层位的重矿物类型的百分含量不同,从而可求出重矿物的风化系数HW。不同时期地层的HW不同,而HW的大小变化与化学风化的程度有很大关系,一般来说,化学风化作用强,HW相应变小。而化学风化作用的强弱又主要受气候的影响,从而可推测该时期气候环境的变化。     

中国东部的降水区划及备区旱涝变化的特征

为了研究我国旱涝发生的规律、成因和预测，事先掌握降水的气候型区和各区降水变化的气候特征是十分必要的。本文利用１９５１—１９８６年中国东部１４０个站的月降水资料，分析了下半年降水相对系数、月际和年际标准差等参量时空变化的特征，并综合应用逐级归并法和成批调整法，对中国东部地区进行了降水气候区的划分。在此基础上，进一步探讨了各区旱涝的频数和长期变化的趋势。     

松辽盆地白垩纪古气候特征及其变化机制

本文综合研究了松辽盆地白垩纪古气候的沉积记录、孢份古植物群记录及碳、氧同位素地球化学特征，得出了松辽盆地白垩纪古气候的演变规律。并认为碳族国与古气候旋回有密切的对应关系，大气中ＣＯ＿２含量的变化是古气候变化的根本原因。每一温暖时期的开始都与大气中ＣＯ＿２含量的增加有关，随着固碳作用的增强，温室效应削弱。碳旋回是古气候变化的重要机制。     

中长期地震预测方案综合信度评价的层次分析法

由于存在各种复杂的不确定因素的影响，正确合理地评价地震观测结果的可信度，具有一定的难度。本文首先引入具有广泛应用途的层次分析法，并以华北北部为例，结合Ｄｅｌｐｈｉ专家咨询结果，给出了反映各个预测方案结果的可信度及具有满意一致性的相对重要性权系数。其结果可作为综合各种预测方案，确定该地区中长期地震危险区的参考依据。     

ANALYSIS OF SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE RECORDED IN LAHORE AND MIANWALI OVER THE PAST THREE DECADES

Surface air temperatures recorded over the past three decades at the weather stations located in Lahore (anindustrialized and densely populated city) and Mianwali (a small and sparsely populated city) were analyzed in order tostudy their climatic trend.Lahore,where meteorological data are recorded at two weather stations (city station and air-port station) indicates a cooling trend,of about 0.5℃ per record period of 1953—1992,for the airport station (31°31′N,74°24′E) and a slight warming trend,of about 0.2℃,for the city station (31°33′N,74°20′E) for the record period of 1950—1992.The Mianwali weather station (32°33′N,71°31′E) also shows a slight cooling trend,of about 0.4℃ per recordperiod of 1959—1992.The climatic variability at these stations was studied by computing seasonal and annual tempera-ture anomalies.The results are explained in terms of the local environmental conditions.     

中国龙卷风的若干特征

应用数理统计方法和通过对观测资料的分析，研究了龙卷风的气候特征；根据近年天气资料，研究了龙卷风发生的天气系统，层结特征，风场和母体云团的特征。     

CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTH-ATMOSPHERE OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION OVER CHINA*

ERBE and ISCCP data are used to investigate the cloud forcing and latitude and atmospheric temperature effects on outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) in the earth-atmosphere system,and the similarity of OLR field to 500 hPa and surface effective radiation fields.Also,discussion is taken up of the OLR distribution on a nationwide basis,indicating that the winter(summer) OLR pattern is roughly a zonal type(asymmetrical saddle) with the annual pattern analogous to the January one.In the end the yearly OLR variation features are addressed on a regional basis.     

广西防城港市旅游气候资源评价及其利用

气候资源是旅游业开发中十分重要的资源之一,通过分析防城港市旅游资源和气候资源,并对其优势和人体舒适度进行了综合评价,指出防城港市具有旅游资源丰富、地理气候特征显著、适宜旅游时间长等优势;同时从舒适度分析得出,本市秋冬季节温暖舒适,是避冬的好地方,夏季高温时间少,是避暑的圣地。据此提出充分利用本地的旅游气候资源,打造本市旅游精品,开发以秋冬季为主的度假游,充分利用沿海的天然浴场,创建十万大山国家森林公园生态环保天然疗养院,做强做大防城港市旅游产业。     

Allocating local groundwater monitoring stations for South Korea using an analytic hierarchy process

A national groundwater-monitoring network consisting of 320 stations has been operated by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation and the Korea Water Resources Corporation since 1995. The network was established as a result of the Groundwater Act of Korea, and a supplementary local groundwater monitoring network containing 10,000 stations will be established throughout the country by the year 2011. A method of allocating stations and organizing the local monitoring network has been developed, based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), using pairwise comparison. Several evaluation criteria were selected for determining the required number of the monitoring stations at specific local districts. Weights of the selected criteria were assigned by the pairwise comparison, reflecting hydrogeological conditions and supported by pertinent questions to 93 groundwater experts. To evaluate appropriateness of this method, an example city, Jeonju, was selected where groundwater levels were monitored; seven stations were determined as to be required for the supplementary groundwater-monitoring network. The study demonstrated the usefulness of the AHP. The concepts of the development and the structure of the AHP model can be applied to site or well selections within a particular district.