南海北部琼东南盆地第四系陆架边缘轨迹迁移及深水沉积模式

陆架边缘迁移轨迹综合受控于构造、物源、海平面和气候等多种因素,其迁移演化与深水沉积体系发育关系密切。陆架边缘迁移规律及沉积物输送体制与深水砂体预测是当前国际地学领域的热点议题。本文通过基于琼东南盆地新采集的高精度地震资料,定量表征了第四系陆架边缘轨迹,识别了低角度缓慢上升型、中等角度上升型和高角度急剧上升型等3类陆架边缘轨迹类型。2.4 Ma以来,陆架边缘轨迹时空演化可分为3个阶段且具有侧向差异性:2.4~1.9 Ma以低角度缓慢上升型为主,1.9~0.8 Ma西北部以低角度缓慢上升型为主,东北部则以中等角度上升型为主,0.8 Ma至今西北部以中等角度上升型为主,东北部以高角度急剧上升型为主。琼东南盆地第四系陆架边缘迁移轨迹研究表明:当陆架边缘轨迹角0°<α<4°时,陆坡区峡谷规模较小且下切浅,深海平原区发育多期大型海底扇沉积,块体搬运沉积(MTDs)较少;当4°<α<35°时,陆坡区峡谷规模有所增加,深海平原区海底扇沉积与块体搬运沉积均有出现;当35°<α<90°时,陆坡区峡谷发育较少但下切深,深水平原区沉积以大型块体搬运沉积为主,海底扇几乎不发育。琼东南盆地更新世以来气温不断下降,以及东亚冬季风的显著增强,物源供给增强加之海平面的下降进而导致了西北部陆架边缘表现为进积特征;研究区东北部的断裂活动频繁以及物源供给弱,导致了研究区东北部陆坡推进距离远远小于研究区西北部且发育多期次块体搬运沉积物。以上认识对南海北部陆架边缘体系及深水扇预测具有一定的理论意义。     

地质钻探垂钻定向纠偏控制的工程实现与实验分析

理论提出的纠偏方法需反复进行实验验证方可应用于实际工程,然而垂钻纠偏控制过程复杂,操作难度大,所需时间长、资金庞大,直接将所提方法放置现场调试是不可取的,而仅采用计算机仿真对算法进行验证也有一定局限性,因此发展和研究纠偏控制工程实现方法十分必要。本文以地质钻探钻进过程定向纠偏控制的工程实现为导向,首先分析并给出实际纠偏工艺过程以及纠偏控制的特点与目标;然后总结基于模型预测控制的纠偏控制问题与优化目标,结合笔者早期的一些纠偏控制理论研究,分别阐述不同纠偏工况下的纠偏控制方法;其次开发定向纠偏控制系统,用于集成纠偏控制算法,使得算法能够应用于实际工程;最后设计纠偏控制实验,以验证纠偏控制算法的工程适用性。实验表明,所提纠偏控制方法能够有效应用于实际纠偏过程,并应对和完成多种纠偏任务。     

套管外补贴技术及其在惠州油田的应用分析

针对海洋油田长时间开发后出现的套管完整性问题,考虑到传统的修补措施如跨越式封隔器等无法满足后期作业对井眼尺寸的要求的现状,提出了套管外补贴技术。介绍了套管外补贴的原理及在惠州油田HZ19-3-6和HZ26-1-16井的应用情况。结果表明,修复后的套管能保持原有强度且产生永久密封,具有不“牺牲”井眼尺寸等优点。针对作业过程中出现的复杂情况进行了深入分析,对海洋油田套管完整性的修复工作具有实践和理论指导意义,同时也给水井、地热井套管的修复提供借鉴和启示。     

齐平3井钻井施工技术

齐平3井是部署在松辽盆地中央坳陷区齐家凹陷的一口水平探井,完钻斜深3574.03 m,垂深2201.1 m,水平段长1195.35 m。在施工前对井身结构和井眼轨迹剖面进行了优化设计,施工中应用井眼轨迹控制技术、地质导向技术,并配以钻井安全施工工艺,保证了该井的顺利完钻,实现了设计要求的各项技术指标,取得了良好的施工效果。     

基于北斗卫星导航系统的飞行物轨迹标记法

为了实时准确地掌握和了解导航系统飞行物的位置和空间关系,以提高北斗系统的运行准确性,该文根据北斗卫星导航系统不间断授时服务特点,提出一种利用北斗卫星授时信号估计空间飞行物轨迹的方法。卫星下发的授时信号到达用户终端的过程中,受到空间飞行物的遮挡而产生扰动。用户终端将接收的扰动信号的变化量通过各种网络汇聚到数据中心,如果用户终端、空间星座和地面数据中心的时钟同步,在多个用户终端存在的条件下,将数据中心计算出的飞行物的时空参量等信息标注到空间地理信息系统上,连接这些空间点,就可以绘制出空间飞行物的运动轨迹。     

Visualizing spatiotemporal trajectories of mobile social media users using space–time cube

The implementation of social network applications on mobile platforms has significantly elevated the activity of mobile social networking. Mobile social networking offers a channel for recording an individual’s spatiotemporal behaviors when location-detecting capabilities of devices are enabled. It also facilitates the study of time geography on an individual level, which has previously suffered from a scarcity of georeferenced movement data. In this paper, we report on the use of georeferenced tweets to display and analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of daily user trajectories. For georeferenced tweets having both location information in longitude and latitude values and recorded creation time, we apply a space–time cube approach for visualization. Compared to the traditional methodologies for time geography studies such as the travel diary-based approach, the analytics using social media data present challenges broadly associated with those of Big Data, including the characteristics of high velocity, large volume, and heterogeneity. For this study, a batch processing system has been developed for extracting spatiotemporal information from each tweet and then creating trajectories of each individual mobile Twitter user. Using social media data in time geographic research has the benefits of study area flexibility, continuous observation and non-involvement with contributors. For example, during every 30-minute cycle, we collected tweets created by about 50,000 Twitter users living in a geographic region covering New York City to Washington, DC. Each tweet can indicate the exact location of its creator when the tweet was posted. Thus, the linked tweets show a Twitter users’ movement trajectory in space and time. This study explores using data intensive computing for processing Twitter data to generate spatiotemporal information that can recreate the space–time trajectories of their creators.     

人工增雨防雹火箭弹道跟踪系统的研制及初步试验

由于受到高空风场的影响,人工增雨防雹火箭真实的弹道轨迹和射程与理论弹道值具有不一致性。为增强实施增雨防雹作业的科学性、精准性及其作业效果评估准确性,研制了一套人工增雨防雹火箭播撒作业跟踪系统。该系统分为火箭定位系统和数据传输系统两部分,利用卫星定位模块加上数据传输电台模式将火箭飞行轨迹实时传输至地面。并开展了一次人工增雨防雹火箭弹道跟踪实弹发射试验,发射两发人工增雨防雹测试火箭,除初始阶段4～5 s卫星定位失锁而没有数据外,其余时间所有数据均接收完整。结合高空风场数据对人工增雨防雹测试火箭进行风偏修正后的实际弹道更接近于理论弹道,风偏修正意义明显,有利于增雨防雹火箭精准作业。     

基于拉格朗日方法的江淮梅雨水汽输送特征分析

利用NCEP再分析资料,引入基于拉格朗日方法的气流轨迹模式(HYSPLITv4.9),结合用于海量轨迹分析的气块追踪分析方法,探讨了江淮梅雨气候平均的水汽输送特征以及梅雨异常年水汽输送的差异。结果表明,在气候态下,江淮梅雨的水汽主要来自印度洋、孟加拉湾—中国南海、太平洋和欧亚大陆4个区域,其对江淮梅雨的水汽输送贡献分别为35%、19%、22%和19%。其中,印度洋、孟加拉湾—中国南海和太平洋上的输送气流主要来自850 hPa以下的对流层低层,而欧亚大陆的输送气流主要来自600 hPa左右的对流层中层。进一步对比梅雨异常年水汽输送的差异,发现孟加拉湾—中国南海、太平洋和印度洋的水汽输送对江淮梅雨的异常有重要影响,梅雨偏多年来自孟加拉湾—中国南海的水汽输送较多,其对江淮梅雨的水汽输送贡献为24%,比梅雨偏少年约增加了13%,梅雨偏少年则是来自太平洋和印度洋的水汽输送较多,对江淮梅雨的水汽输送贡献分别达到了40%和30%,比梅雨偏多年约增加了5%和10%。     

Study on stability and reinforcement of a landslide on Ji＇an-Dandong highway

This study clarified the failure mechanism of a landslide on Ji＇ an-Dandong highway, through the detailed analysis of its geological condition. Then based on the back analysis of the broken landslide, take limit equilibrium method to evaluate the stability of the potential landslide. The result shows that the landslide is lack of safety stock, so anchor rope is designed to reinforce the landslide.     

Evaluation and forecasting of daily groundwater outflow in a small chalky watershed

The purpose of this research is to include expert knowledge as one part of the modelling system and therefore offer the chance to create a productive interaction system between expert, mathematical model (MMO8) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). In the present project, the first objective is to determine some parameters by the MMO8 model, introduced as ANN input parameters to forecast spring outflow. The second objective is first to investigate the effect of temporal information by taking current and past data sets and then to forecast spring outflow. The good results obtained reveal the merit of the ANNs–MMO8 combination, and specifically multilayer perceptron (MLP) models. This methodology, for a network with lower, lag and number hidden layer, consistently produced better performance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.