MGIS与军事地理理论

本文论述了不同的军事地理理论支撑着不问功能的ＭＧＩＳ（军事地理信息系统）。提出了用军事区域系统理论建立辅助决策功能的ＭＧＩＳ，以及ＭＧＩＳ的区域性、层次性、稳定性和建立有关ＭＧＩＳ的宏观决策问题。     

MD－50型钻机的研制

介绍ＭＤ－５０型钻机的结构、参数和特点。该钻机完成了十三陵锚固工程，通过了部级鉴定。     

The prediction of mineral solubilities in natural waters: The Na-K-Mg-Ca-H-Cl-SO4-OH-HCO3-CO3-CO2-H2O system to high ionic strengths at 25°C

The mineral solubility model of Harvie and Weare (1980) is extended to the eight component system, Na-K-Mg-Ca-H-Cl-SO₄-OH-HCO₃-CO₃-CO₂-H₂O at 25°C to high concentrations. The model is based on the semi-empirical equations of Pitzer (1973) and co-workers for the thermodynamics of aqueous electrolyte solutions. The model is parameterized using many of the available isopiestic, electromotive force, and solubility data available for many of the subsystems. The predictive abilities of the model are demonstrated by comparison to experimental data in systems more complex than those used in parameterization. The essential features of a chemical model for aqueous electrolyte solutions and the relationship between pH and the equilibrium properties of a solution are discussed.     

Polymer-stabilized emulsions and fine-particle recovery,I. The calcite-quartz system

The interaction between polymer-stabilized oil droplets and fine calcite particles has been studied at pH 10. Large calcite-droplet aggregates form and may be efficiently separated from fine quartz gangue. The influence of particle size, pulp density, oil-droplet size, oil volume, stirring speed and stirring time on separation efficiency have been investigated.     

Marine Layer Stratus Study

The intent of this study is to develop a better understanding of the behavior of late spring through early fall marine layer stratus and fog at Vandenberg Air Force Base, which accounts for a majority of aviation forecasting difficulties. The main objective was to use Leipper (1995) study as a starting point to evaluate synoptic and mesoscale processes involved, and identify specific meteorological parameters that affected the behavior of marine layer stratus and fog. After identifying those parameters, the study evaluates how well the various weather models forecast them. The main conclusion of this study is that weak upper-air dynamic features work with boundary layer motions to influence marine layer behavior. It highlights the importance of correctly forecasting the surface temperature by showing how it ties directly to the wind field. That wind field, modified by the local terrain, establishes the low-level convergence and divergence pattern and the resulting marine layer cloud thicknesses and visibilities.     

山东省1∶10000 DLG全面更新变化率统计分析浅议

选取部分2011~2013年山东省1∶10 000 DLG全面更新图幅,通过基于矢量与栅格结合的地图格网统计法和基于矢量叠加计算的自动提取方法对山东省"十二五"期间1∶10 000 DLG全面更新地物变化率进行统计,并对计算结果进行统计分析。     

A theoretical study of the time-dependent behaviour of O in the mid-latitude plasmasphere

The behaviour of O²⁺ at L = 3 in the plasmasphere is studied. Starting with a low O²⁺ flux-tube content to characterize post-magnetic-storm conditions the time-dependent equations of continuity and momentum for O²⁺ are solved to give densities and fluxes for a period of several days using both sunspotmaximum and sunspot-minimum parameters. Our results show large amounts of O²⁺ near the equator at sunspot maximum but relatively little at sunspot minimum, and emphasize the key role of the collisional process between O²⁺ and O⁺. It is the combined effects of O²⁺---O ⁺ collisions and thermal diffusion that lead to the large O²⁺ densities near the equator at sunspot maximum. Both of these mechanisms have less influence at sunspot minimum. At sunspot maximum the O⁺ layer acts as a collisional barrier below the O²⁺ production region preventing O²⁺ from sinking towards regions of high recombination rate. In this production region the effects of thermal diffusion are small and upward flow of O²⁺ results from the action of the O²⁺ pressure gradient and the polarization electric field. When the upward flowing O²⁺ reaches regions in which thermal diffusion has a strong influence it is accelerated to even higher altitudes. The O ⁺ barrier is so effective that the diurnal variation of the O⁺ layer is reflected in the diurnal variation of O²⁺ near the equator at sunspot maximum. Our sunspot maximum results also indicate that certain types of temperature profiles are more likely to enhance equatorial O²⁺ densities. The existence of large temperature gradients below 1000 km altitude does not help the flow of O²⁺ towards the equator. The associated changes in the O⁺ layer lead to more O²⁺-O ⁺collisions and a smaller O²⁺ thermal-diffusion coefficient, the latter being sensitive to the ratio n(H⁺)/n(O⁺).     

全雌鲻鱼培育的进一步研究

为了验证和完善培育全雌鲻鱼的技术路线，我们在首次培育试验成功的基础上，通过调整用药剂量和增加试验鱼数量，进行第二次培育试验。试验选用体长2．8－3.5cm、性别未分化的鲻鱼苗，分为三组。高剂量组和低剂量组分别投喂拌有不同剂量17β-雌二醇的饲料，持续6个月，对照组则投喂不含药物的饲料，结果显示，高剂量组鲻鱼全部分化为雌性，低剂量组雌性率达90％，对照组雌性率仅为10％。与第一次试验结果相比较，我们认为，全雌鲻鱼培育的技术路线更为成熟和合理，为将来推广应用提供可靠的技术保证。     

Ground–Space–Sky Observing System Experiment during Tropical Cyclone Mulan in August 2022

Forecasting tropical cyclone track and intensity is a great challenge for the meteorological community, and safeguarding the life and property of people living near the coast is an important issue. One major reason for challenging forecasts is the lack of observations over the vast oceans. During tropical cyclone Mulan between 8 and 10 August 2022over the northern part of the South China Sea, the meteorological authority and research institutes of Chinese mainland collaborated with the meteorolo...     

An improved topographic correction model based on Minnaert

The uneven distribution of solar radiation due to topographic relief can significantly change the correlation between reflectance and other features such as biomass in rugged terrain regions. In this article, we use the transfer theory to improve the Minnaert approach. After comparing topographic correction methods for Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and EO-1 Advanced Land Imager (ALI) imagery acquired from the mountainous region in Beijing, China, we used visual inspection, statistical analysis, and correlation analysis to evaluate the algorithms and performance of the proposed Minnaert-E approach. The results indicate that corrections based on non-Lambertian methods have better performance than those based on the Lambertian assumption. The correction performances can be ranked as the Minnaert-E, followed by the Minnaert and the SCS+C corrections, and, finally, the C-HuangWei correction, which performed the worst. We found that the Minnaert-E approach can effectively weaken the influence of terrain relief on pixels and restore the true reflectance of the pixels in the relief area. Further analysis indicates that the Minnaert-E has a better effect on image processing where the slope gradient is restricted to less than 10° or between 30° and 43°.