East and Midwest in American Academic Geography: Two Prosopographic Notes

This paper reexamines the conventional wisdom concerning the Midwestern origins of American academic geography at the doctoral level. Prosopographic analysis of 34 Ph.D.s awarded in geography between 1893 and 1921 finds that these were largely earned in Eastern universities, and that both Eastern and Midwestern institutions awarding doctorates in the field drew students primarily from the home region. By contrast, prosopographic examination of a second and later group, the faculty and graduate students at Clark University between 1921 and 1946, discloses an interregional pattern of recruitment closely tied to Midwestern institutions. Paradoxically, though sited in an Eastern university, early Clark geography was substantially Midwestern in personnel and program. Further institutional and prosopographic study of the early sites of graduate study is needed to reveal the complexity of American academic geography in its formative period.     

北京大学环境地理研究的回顾与展望

北京大学的环境地理学研究承载于城市与环境学院的环境学系,其前身为北京大学地理系自然地理学专业环境教研室。65年来北京大学的环境地理学研究从传统的自然地理学,到将化学与地理学相结合的化学地理学,再到有地学环保性质的环境地理学,研究领域不断扩大,研究内容不断深入。目前,环境学系依托地理学二级学科环境地理学,在全球或区域环境中有毒污染物的区域环境过程、污染物的生物地球化学循环和界面间的迁移转化、污染物的环境毒理效应及其生态和健康风险等领域取得了一系列具有国际显示度的创新成果,研究水平处于国内这一领域的领先位置,各研究团队还将基础研究和应用研究紧密结合,围绕环境领域的热点问题,开展了一系列面向国家重大需求的应用型研究和咨询工作,为保护生态环境以及实现经济社会可持续发展发挥了重要作用,也为国家培养了大量高水平学术型和实用型人才。未来北京大学环境地理学科将从科学创新和面向国家重大需求两个角度出发,以培养高水平人才为核心,争取在多方面逐步取得较大突破。     

立足地理学科前沿,服务国家战略需求——北京大学地理学科65周年

地理学研究地球表层要素间相互作用、空间分异格局及其变化过程,人地关系是地理学的核心问题,区域研究是地理学的特色。地理学是国家可持续发展和生态文明建设的支撑学科,在解决国家经济发展过程中面临的资源、环境、城镇化等方面的问题中发挥着不可替代的作用。北京大学立足地理学科前沿,服务国家战略需求,国际影响力不断提升,形成了自然地理学和人文地理学两个国家二级重点学科,并发展了生态学一级学科。     

There and back again: Epiphany, disillusionment, and rediscovery in political ecology

This paper reviews the experience of discovering, abandoning, and rediscovering elements of the work of political ecologist Piers Blaikie from the period spanning 1992-2006. In the process, we analyze the cyclic fate of critical ideas in the field of political ecology, including especially the “chain of explanation,” during a tumultuous period where materialist and constructivist theorists encountered one another. The paper concludes with a specific discussion of the power of traditional tools in political ecology for addressing current socio-ecological crises, specifically HIV/AIDS in southern Africa.     

Location of the Jovian magnetic dipole

Measurements of the position of Jupiter's radio centroid at 11 cm were made using the Parkes telescope. They indicate that any systematic displacement of the Jovian magnetic dipole along the rotation axis is to the north of the center of the planet, contrary to a model proposed by Warwick. Any offset of the dipole normal to the rotation axis does not exceed 0.1 of a planetary radius.     

气象万千探本索源——南京信息工程大学“大气探测学科”发展历程回顾与展望

大气探测学科是大气科学学科重要的核心学科分支之一。我校大气探测学科从1973年创建至今,经47年的风雨征程,几代人的努力与执着,历经重组和调整,始终围绕学校发展目标,将专业建设与国家需求紧密接合,不断探索和加强人才培养、师资建设和提升科研水平,建立了特色鲜明的学科体系,为学校和中国气象事业的发展做出了重要贡献。本文概略介绍了大气探测学科内涵和我校大气探测学科概况,从初始建立、改革发展、发展提升等三个阶段描述学科沿革拓展、师资队伍壮大、实习实验设备、课程教材建设、基础理论技术研究、气象系统开发、学科建设成果及未来发展规划等。     

广州大学城意象的初步研究

对广州大学城进行意象调查,结果显示大学城边界及区域清晰,但整体意象模糊;区域性标志物明显,但缺乏全"城"性标志物;节点和道路特色不明显,可识别性不高;文化氛围不浓,大学城的个性不够突出。根据凯文.林奇的城市意象理论,从"居民"的环境体验出发,着眼于大学城景观表面的可读性,为建设能够引起人们强烈意象的广州大学城提出建议:加快共享步伐,形成大学城的整体意象;建环"中心湖"标志性建筑群,凸现大学城精神;改善大学城道路,营造人性化环境;培育文化氛围,塑造大学城个性。     

高校普及GPS技术教育之必要性

我国加入WTO后，对高层次人才综合素质的要求明显提高，学生除了学好专业知识之外，现代信息教育已是高校素质教育的重要内容。GPS技术己在各个领域广泛应用，并步入百姓日常生活之中，有利于提高国人生活质量。在高校加强这一技术的普及教育，有利于丰富学校素质教育的内涵和形式，对学生今后的择业和日常生活将大有裨益。     

Trace-element characteristics of east–west mantle geochemical hemispheres

Recent statistical analyses on the isotopic compositions of oceanic, arc, and continental basalts have revealed that the Earth's mantle is broadly divided into eastern and western hemispheres. The present study aimed to characterize the isotopically defined east–west geochemical hemispheres using trace-element concentrations. Basalt data with Rb, Sr, Nd, Sm, Pb, Th, and U in addition to the isotopic ratios ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb were selected mostly from the GEOROC and PetDB databases. A total of 4787 samples were used to investigate the global geochemical variations. The results show that the wide trace-element variations are broadly explained by the melting of melt-metasomatized and fluid-metasomatized mantle sources. The larger amount of the fluid component derived from subducted plates in the eastern hemisphere than that in the western hemisphere is inferred from the basalts. These characteristics support the hypothesis that focused subduction towards the supercontinent created the mantle geochemical hemispheres.