人体感热温度与临震前震中区的热异常

人体感热温度要受太阳辐射、大气温度、湿度、风等气象要素的影响。临震前,由于影响感热温度的环境状态发生了变化,而使震中区普遍出现热异常。热异常导致了人体感热温度异常,使人们闷热和不适。一定程度的闷热对地震的临震预报有一定的现实意义。     

长江三峡狮子口地区断层最新活动年龄及工程评价

经野外调查和验证,长江三峡狮子口地区的NNW向遥感线性形迹是地形、岩性和小型断层的反映。对区内断层带样品进行的同位素年龄测定,判定出青林口断层在距今49×r04a曾有轻微活动,其余的四条断层第四纪(240×104a)以来无活动。地貌、地质和微震(M<3)分布表明,这些断层现代是不活动的,非控震构造,对三峡水库、大坝工程稳定性无影响     

长江三峡地区地壳形变特征及其构造意义

本文讨论了三峡地区地壳形变特征,认为黄陵断块相对于周缘的差异性运动是存在的,最大年速率可达5—10毫米。跨断层的短水准结果以继承性断层活动为主,年速率在毫米级。水平形变网揭示仙女山断裂带近年来表现为左旋压扭性,天阳坪断裂带以右旋滑动为主     

新疆哈密黄山铜镍硫化物矿床地质特征

黄山铜镍硫化物矿床产于黄山镁铁—超镁铁杂岩体中.岩体分异良好,由七个岩相带组成,主要矿体产于辉橄岩相底部,呈盆状;主要金属矿物有镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿、紫硫镍矿及磁黄铁矿;矿石大都为浸染状贫矿石.文中着重讨论成矿物质来源、成矿元素丰度.成矿物化条件及成矿过程和成矿模式.     

储层构型研究方法简介

构型研究是沉积学和储集层地质学目前一个重要的新的研究方法。它把过去二维的模式转化为三维的模式,对解决储集层(体)的不均匀性提出了新的途径。该方法是著名河流沉积学家Miall(1985,1988)提出的。现不少学者运用该方法解决各地区的沉积学和储集层(体)的问题。构型研究从选择构型体到构型单元的研究,直到运用,已有系统的理论和步骤。本文为提倡和推广该方法,向研究者们作一系统介绍。     

Effect of anelastic and scattering structures of the lithosphere on the shape of local earthquake coda

A simple model of single acoustic scattering is used to study the dependence of the shape of local earthquake coda on the anelastic and scattering structures of the lithosphere. The model is applied to the coda of earthquakes located near Stone Canyon, central California, and provides an explanation for the features observed in the data, which include an interesting temporal variation in the coda shape. A surficial layer with aQ of 50 and thickness of 10 or 25 km underlain by a zone with aQ of 1000 extending to the bottom of the lithosphere, together with a scattering scale length,a, that varies with depthz according to the relationa=0.3 exp[-(z/45)²] are found to constitute the simplest structure of the medium compatible with the coda data and with body and surface wave attenuation data. The profile of heterogeneity sizes implies that the scattering strength increases strongly with depth, a constraint required by the necessity to boost the energy of the later coda without forcing the intrinsicQ to be excessively high in the uppermost mantle. This constraint is viewed as an artifact of the single scattering model which overstimates the scattering coefficient due to the neglect of multiple scattering. The observed temporal variation of the signal is difficult to explain by a simple change of the intrinsicQ at some depth. Rather, it is suggested that the scattering properties at depth changed with time through a variation of the fractional rms velocity fluctuation on the order of one percent.     

新疆贝勒库都克钾长花岗岩交代蚀变及锡矿化特征

贝勒库都克钾长花岗岩是一个富含Sn、As和F的岩体,具同熔型特征,是形成贝勒库都克锡矿的母岩.在岩体形成的后期,经历了钾化—钠化—云英岩化三个交代蚀变阶段.Sn、As等成矿、伴生元素的析出和富集发生在钠化和云英岩化两个阶段,形成了一定规模的锡矿床.     

Source characteristics of the 1992 Nicaragua tsunami earthquake inferred from teleseismic body waves

We analyzed the broadband body waves of the 1992 Nicaragua earthquake to determine the nature of rupture. The rupture propagation was represented by the distribution of point sources with moment-rate functions at 9 grid points with uniform spacing of 20 km along the fault strike. The moment-rate functions were then parameterized, and the parameters were determined with the least squares method with some constraints. The centroid times of the individual moment-rate functions indicate slow and smooth rupture propagation at a velocity of 1.5 km/s toward NW and 1.0 km/s toward SE. Including a small initial break which precedes the main rupture by about 10 s, we obtained a total source duration of 110 s. The total seismic moment isM _o =3.4×10²⁰ Nm, which is consistent with the value determined from long-period surface waves,M _o =3.7×10²⁰ Nm. The average rise time of dislocation is determined to be 10 s. The major moment release occurred along a fault length of 160 km. With the assumption of a fault widthW=50 km, we obtained the dislocationD=1.3 m. From andD the dislocation velocity isD=D/0.1 m/s, significantly smaller than the typical value for ordinary earthquakes. The stress drop =1.1 MPa is also less than the typical value for subduction zone earthquakes by a factor of 2–3. On the other hand, the apparent stress defined by 2E _s /M _o , where andE _s are respectively the rigidity and the seismic wave energy, is 0.037 MPa, more than an order of magnitude smaller than . The Nicaragua tsunami earthquake is characterized by the following three properties: 1) slow rupture propagation; 2) smooth rupture; 3) slow dislocation motion.