微波消解-高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱测定生物样品中55种元素

样品经微波消解后,采用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定生物样品中As、Al、B、Ba、Be、Bi、Br、Ca、Ce、Cd、Cr、Co、Cs、Cu、Dy、Er、Eu、Fe、Gd、Ge、Hf、Hg、Ho、I、K、La、Li、Lu、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Nb、Nd、Ni、P、Pb、Pr、Rb、S、Sb、Sc、Se、Sm、Sr、Tb、Th、Ti、Tl、U、V、Tm、Y、Yb和Zn 55种元素。为所测元素优选了适当分辨率,探讨了采用生物标准物质GBW10015绘制标准曲线的可行性。方法检出限为0.001ng/g~3 926ng/g,方法精密度为0.8%~21.9%,经国家一级生物标准物质验证,方法准确可靠,能满足日常分析要求。     

Temporal and spatial characteristics of surface water quality by an improved universal pollution index in red soil hilly region of South China: a case study in Liuyanghe River watershed

Selecting the Liuyanghe River watershed as an example, using monitoring data of water quality of nearly 10 years and the improved synthesis pollution index method to evaluate the water quality, the research studied the temporal and spatial characteristics of surface water quality of a typical basin in the red soil hilly region, and analyzed reasons for the surface water quality change. The results indicated the improved synthesis pollution index had a better serviceability than other methods, such as, Pollution Index method, Fuzzy Evaluation method, Grey-System method etc. As for the temporal characteristic, because of no-point source pollution, the water quality of Liuyanghe River watershed had become a more and more serious problem over a ten-year period. The spatial characteristic indicated that the pollution degree increased from upstream to downriver. Water quality upstream was better, and the content of the heavy metals was higher in the middle of the river, and the pollution of ammonia nitrogen intensified downriver. The result suggested the improved universal pollution index could be used in the assessment of the water environment.     

位场正则化下延在自然电位概率成像中的应用

通过位场正则化向下延拓方法,弥补自然电位法对于地下全空间信息反映不足的客观缺陷,改进仅通过地表数据成像而导致的深度不灵敏状况。在模型分析中,新方案的成像结果和真实模型非常吻合。对于实测资料解释,新方案的处理结果在横向上符合实测数据的异常反映,同时还能够准确的给出地下半空间的纵向信息。     

基于A-BP神经网络的软土基坑开挖地表沉降预测

基坑开挖引起的周围地表沉降势必影响周边道路和建筑物等基础设施的安全与稳定,准确预测基坑开挖地表沉降具有重要意义。针对BP神经网络预测方法效率低、精度小等缺陷,采用模拟退火法的全局寻优原理对数据进行处理优化,提高BP神经网络预测方法的效率和精度,在大量软土基坑开挖现场监测数据的基础上,构建了基于模拟退火法的SA-BP神经网络预测模型对软土基坑开挖墙后最大地表沉降进行预测,并结合正态、偏态模式及统计分析计算方法进行对比和验证。研究结果表明：SA-BP神经网络预测方法的结果与实测吻合较好,该方法预测精度较高,可有效地运用于基坑开挖地表沉降的预测分析中。     

Mopping up leaking carbon: A natural analog at Wadi Namaleh,Jordan

Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is one of the important options available for partially stemming greenhouse gas emissions from large point sources. The possibility of leaking from deep storage needs to be addressed. The Wadi Namaleh area in southern Jordan provides an interesting case study of how excess CO₂ can be trapped in the form of carbonates in the near surface, even when the local geology is not obviously conducive for such a process.Carbonate veins are formed in surface alteration zones of rhyolite host rock in this arid region. The alteration zones are limited to areas where surface soil or colluvium are present. Oxygen, deuterium and carbon isotopes of the carbonates and near-surface ground water in the area suggest that the source of carbon is deep seated CO₂, and that the carbonate precipitated in local meteoric water under ambient temperature conditions. Analysis of strontium in the carbonate, fresh rhyolite and altered host shows that the source for calcium is aeolian. Trace elements show that metal and REE mobility are constrained to the alteration zone.Thus, interaction of H₂O, CO₂ and atmospheric wet and dry deposition lead to the formation of the clayey (montmorillonite) alteration zone. This zone acts to trap seeping CO₂ and water, and thus produces conditions of progressively more efficient trapping of carbon dioxide by means of a positive feedback mechanism. Replication of these conditions in other areas will minimize CO₂ leakage from man-made CCS sites.     

热红外遥感的温度与发射率分离研究进展

热红外传感器测得的辐射亮度值是温度和发射率的函数,因此,对于热红外遥感反演地表温度,温度和发射率的分离是一个关键问题。总结了地表温度反演所取得的进展,综述了温度与反射率分离的几种主要方法,对比分析了各种方法的优缺点。最后,对地表温度反演的发展趋势进行了展望。     

ICP-AES法同时测定钛铁矿中钾钠钙镁钡锶锌

采用HCl—HNO3-HF—HClO4,HCl—HNO3-HF—H2SO4敞口和HCl-HNO3-HF—HClO4,HCl-HNO3-HF—H2SO4微波消解4种方法溶矿,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP—AES）测定,建立了钛铁矿中钾、钠、钙、镁、钡、锶、锌等元素的同时测定方法。对电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定的最佳仪器条件及分析谱线进行了选择,并对钛、铁基体的影响、溶矿提取酸度以及溶矿残渣进行了研究。实验结果表明：采用HCl-HNO3-HF-HClO4敞口溶矿,具有检出限低、灵敏度高,操作简便、快速等突出优点。该方法测定值与推荐值基本吻合,分析方法的精密度满足《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》的要求。     

云南龙陵八0八铁矿磁测勘查效果

采用大小比例尺磁测,加少量工程验证、控制,在龙陵808地区探明一中型铁矿,实现快速找、探铁矿资源突破。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量银的研究

传统的应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定化探样品中的痕量银,一般采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸电热板加热溶样,使用铱、铂为基体改进剂,但存在分析流程繁琐、成本高等缺点。相比于电热板消解法,微波消解技术的高压密闭消解和微波快速加热等特点,具有酸用量少、消解完全、消解过程损失少等优点。本文对传统的微波消解和仪器工作参数进行了改良,确定了最佳测定条件。建立了HNO_3-H_2O_2高压密闭消解样品,石墨炉原子吸收法测定水系沉积物、土壤、岩石中痕量银的方法。采用65%的HNO_3和H_2O_2微波消解溶样,加入12 g/L硫脲为介质,消除了基体干扰。方法检出限为0.018μg/g,将所建立的分析方法用于沉积物标准物质(GBW07309、GBW07311)、土壤标准物质(GBW07402、GBW07404)和岩石标准物质(GBW07103、GBW07104)验证,结果显示测定值与推荐值吻合,准确度△lg C(GBW)≤±0.024、RE(GBW)≤±5.71%,精密度RSD(GBW)≤5.97%。该分析方法适用于大批化探样品中痕量银的测定。     

铷原子频标微波高次倍频器的分析与设计

设计了一种采用阶跃恢复二极管来实现的、用于被动型铷原子频标的微波高次倍频器。调试结果表明:该倍频器的输入信号频率为90MHz;倍频次数为76;输出信号频率为6 840MHz;输出功率为-18.2dBm;对邻近谐波抑制度为28.75dB。该倍频器接入铷原子频标后,能实现闭环锁定,符合小型化铷原子频标的要求。