基于MODIS的珠江三角洲地区区域热岛的分布特征

通过MODIS地温数据,研究了珠三角地区由于快速的城市化过程造成的区域性大范围温度升高现象,即"区域"热岛现象。分析结果表明,MODIS数据能够较好地反映出区域城市化进程中区域地表热环境的变化。不同下垫面的温度差异是形成区域热岛的基础。在大规模连片的城市化过程中,城镇用地的周边区域受到温度升高的影响,地表温度也相应升高,从而造成了区域大面积的温度升高,形成了区域热岛。从空间形态看,区域热岛的空间格局与城镇用地的空间布局具有较高的相关性,大城市或城市连绵区往往是区域热岛的中心。城市连绵区及其周边区域的热岛现象十分明显,而位于研究区的西南和东北方位的城镇分布比较分散,对应的区域热岛现象并不显著。     

云南大理“2010.1.15”日环食期间辐射和温湿度变化特征

利用大理国家气候观象台建立的大气边界层（PBL）观测系统探测资料,详细分析了2010年1月15日云南大理日环食期间辐射通量、气温以及相对湿度的变化情况。结果表明：日环食过程中,太阳短波辐射和气温均表现出＂V＂型分布,而相对湿度呈现倒＂V＂型分布。太阳短波辐射从初亏时开始减小,食甚时达到最小值,复圆时恢复正常,与理想晴天条件下相比,食甚时亏损率高达88%。由于到达地表太阳辐射强度的减弱,地面有一个冷却作用过程,引起地面气象要素的一系列变化,越接近于地表变化越明显,所引起气温、相对湿度的变化时间滞后于日环食时间。     

公路桥超长群桩的有效桩长研究

针对公路桥梁超长群桩的有效桩长问题,对国内公路桥梁桩基的荷载状况进行统计分析,得出桩顶应力主要分布在6～21 MPa范围。进行了长径比为96的桩间距分别为3D、4.5D和6D的3组不同群桩的超长群桩模型试验,得到3种不同桩间距的超长群桩中单桩轴力随着不同荷载的分布图,按照桩身轴力趋于0的桩截面的深度确定有效桩长,并利用指数函数关系分别拟合了3种不同桩间距的桩顶应力与有效桩长之间的关系。根据竖向荷载作用下群桩模型试验与实际原型之间的相似关系,确定公路桥超长群桩与荷载对应的有效桩长取值范围,研究了超长群桩的有效桩长与桩间距之间的关系,并对桥梁桩基有效桩长的取值与桩间距提出了建议。     

高分散性、粒度高正态分布氢氧化镁的制备研究进展

近年来Mg(OH)2的改性研究受到广泛重视;对水热处理技术和表面改性手段处理Mg(OH)2的研究现状进行概述,并讨论制备超细粉体改性Mg(OH)2的影响因素。     

Observations of submesoscale eddies using high-frequency radar-derived kinematic and dynamic quantities

The spatio-temporal variability of submesoscale eddies off southern San Diego is investigated with two-year observations of subinertial surface currents [O(1) m depth] derived from shore-based high-frequency radars. The kinematic and dynamic quantities — velocity potential, stream function, divergence, vorticity, and deformation rates — are directly estimated from radial velocity maps using optimal interpolation. For eddy detection, the winding-angle approach based on flow geometry is applied to the calculated stream function. A cluster of nearly enclosed streamlines with persistent vorticity in time is identified as an eddy. About 700 eddies were detected for each rotation (clockwise and counter-clockwise). The two rotations show similar statistics with diameters in the range of 5–25 km and Rossby number of 0.2–2. They persist for 1–7 days with weak seasonality and migrate with a translation speed of 4–15 cm s⁻¹ advected by background currents. The horizontal structure of eddies exhibits nearly symmetric tangential velocity with a maximum at the defined radius of the eddy, non-zero radial velocity due to background flows, and Gaussian vorticity with the highest value at the center. In contrast divergence has no consistent spatial shape. Two episodic events are presented with other in situ data (subsurface current and temperature profiles, and local winds) as an example of frontal-scale secondary circulation associated with drifting submesoscale eddies.     

山西地震电磁辐射台网中心系统的搭建及应用

文章从系统架构设计、系统网络结构、软件系统框架及软件部署、电磁辐射观测台网组成、台网中心软件系统的研发及主要功能等方面详细介绍了＂山西地震电磁辐射台网中心系统＂的搭建技术。通过系统的运行,可对全省电磁辐射观测台站实现统一规范化管理、数据共享、远程控制。     

二相随机介质有效电导率的广义混合率模型研究(英文)

广义混合率模型目前多应用于岩石的流变、杨氏模量等力学性质的研究,较少应用于多相介质岩石的有效电导率研究。本文利用三维有限元方法计算得到大量二相随机介质模型的有效电导率数据,引入广义混合率的有效电导率模型进行数据拟合,发现广义混合率模型参数J与两相介质电导率比值有关,并首次获得参数 J 与两相介质电导率比值之间的关系式,据此可以快速准确的预测(计算)任意二相介质的有效电导率,其结果较已有的随机介质模型和有效介质理论模型公式更为准确,为精细储集层评价奠定坚实基础。     

Principal aspects of the Ordovician biotic radiation

The Ordovician radiation is among the major bioevents in earth history that have drawn great attention from geologists all over the world, and there have been hundreds of publications treating various aspects of this radiation. The study of the event involves a broad spectrum of research fields and concerns many scientific questions. Many opinions and hypotheses have been proposed on the triggering and controlling factors of the radiation. Herein the authors critically review the study of the Ordovician rad...     

Treatment of Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater Using Calcium Impregnated Granular Activated Carbon in a Batch Reactor: Optimization of Process Parameters

This paper is an experimental investigation into the removal of arsenic species from simulated groundwater by adsorption onto Ca²⁺ impregnated granular activated carbon (GAC‐Ca) in the presence of impurities like Fe and Mn. The effects of adsorbent concentration, pH and temperature on the percentage removal of total arsenic (As(T)), As(III) and As(V) have been discussed. Under the experimental conditions, the optimum adsorbent concentration of GAC‐Ca was found to be 8 g/L with an agitation time of 24 h, which reduced As(T) concentration from 188 to 10 μg/L. Maximum removal of As(V) and As(III) was observed in a pH range of 7–11 and 9–11, respectively. Removal of all the above arsenic species decreased slightly with increasing temperature. The presence of Fe and Mn increased the adsorption of arsenic species. Under the experimental conditions at 30°C, the maximum percentage removals of As(T), As(III), As(V), Fe, and Mn were found to be ca. 94.3, 90.6, 98.0, 100 and 63%, respectively. It was also observed that amongst the various regenerating liquids used, a 5 N H₂SO₄ solution exhibited maximum regeneration (ca. 91%) of the spent GAC‐Ca.     

玉树地震地表变形InSAR观测及初步分析

采用玉树M_S7.1级地震前后两期PALSAR雷达数据(震前2010年1月15日, 震后4月17日)进行了“两轨+DEM”的InSAR处理, 获得了高质量的差分干涉雷达条纹图像和同震变形场。参考该区的基本构造格局, 根据干涉图像的变形范围、变形量和变形梯度可以初步判断:(1)玉树地震诱发了总体上NWW走向, 全长约70km地表陡变带, 陡变带南段位错及陡变梯度较大, 会在地表产生地表破裂;而西北部4段位错及陡变梯度较小, 不易在地表诱发破裂, 但可能在地下一定层位产生了隐伏破裂带;(2)陡变带两侧的雷达视线向运动方向预示发震断裂以左旋走滑运动为主;(3)宏观震中位于玉树县城西北约16km的地表陡变带上。D-InSAR解译结果与中国地震台网中心震源机制解、野外发震断裂调查结果及地貌特征吻合较好, 证明了干涉雷达解译成果的可靠性, 可以为准确定位玉树地震发震断裂地表行迹和快速评定震害损失提供有力的技术支持。