广州地铁二号线海-公区间隧道施工防灾监测

城市地铁，特别是区间隧道暗挖施工，由于从地面建筑物及地下管线下面穿过，施工中的土体变形、水位下降和施工崩塌将会对其上的市政设施和建筑物造成不利甚至严重的影响。施工中进行防灾监控量测可及时发现这些不利影响，确保施工及周围环境的安全，减少对城市生活的影响。因此施工防灾监测工怍是城市地铁建设中必不可少的重要环节。广州地铁二号线海珠广场站至公园前站区间隧道，埋深16～25m，其上建筑物密集，部分十分陈旧，隧道采用矿山法暗挖通过。文章从监测的规划、项目设置、观测手段、方式方法、资料处理及成果分析等几方面进行全面详细叙述，观测项目齐全，数据连续、完整、详实、很有规律性，值得作进一步的深层分析。系统而全面的防灾监测工作，有效地保证了地铁施工的顺利完成。防灾监测工作非常成功。监测工作经验值得类似工程监测借鉴。     

昆明白泥井3号隧道围岩稳定性FLAC3D模拟

应用FLAC^3D数值模拟软件对昆明白泥井3号隧道围岩稳定性进行了分析和评价。结果表明隧道支护后围岩的最大变形出现在隧道右侧拱顶，为1．00cm；隧道支护后左侧拱和右侧拱脚处剪应变明显增大，为应力集中区；围岩可以通过自身应力、应变和能量的调整，使整个隧道围岩处于稳定状态；同时也表明FLAC^3D用于隧道围岩变形分析是可行的。     

董家山隧道小净距段爆破控制的数值模拟

结合都-汶高速公路董家山隧道小净距段的实际情况,应用数值模拟方法,对小净距段在爆破荷载作用下的相互影响问题进行了研究.结果表明在隧道爆破施工中应对迎爆侧进行重点监控,采用合理的开挖和加固方式将有效降低爆破施工对先建隧道的不利影响.研究结论可为类似小净距段隧道的爆破设计、施工及现场监控量测提供参考.     

盾构近距离穿越施工对已运营隧道的扰动影响分析

基于盾构施工对周围土体及构筑物的扰动影响机理,通过实测数据对盾构近距离穿越扰动影响问题进行了定量分析,并讨论了运营隧道对各盾构施工参数的敏感性.研究结果表明盾构穿越对已建地铁隧道的扰动影响主要以隧道的竖向位移为主.随着盾构推进,隧道结构纵向上呈波浪状,其隆起峰值不断沿推进方向移动.盾尾后隧道段受盾构穿越的影响显著,但隆起峰值始终位于盾尾后.     

A Physical and Numerical Investigation on the Stability of Shallow Tunnels in Strain Softening Media

Summary The behaviour up to failure of shallow underground openings is discussed on the basis of some laboratory, small-scale model tests and of finite element simulation. The experimental results are first illustrated. They were obtained from two-dimensional (plane strain) and three-dimensional tunnel models tested under standard gravity conditions. Then, the phenomenon of strain localisation that characterizes the medium surrounding the model tunnels is discussed, recalling two alternative approaches for its numerical interpretation. On this basis, a finite element procedure for strain softening analyses is outlined and applied to the simulation of the tests in both two- and three-dimensional conditions. The comparison between experimental and numerical results leads to some conclusions on the influence of strain localisation on the overall behaviour of shallow tunnels and on the stability of their headings.     

Effects of temperature and humidity upon the transport of sedimentary particles by wind

Wind tunnel simulations of aeolian transport carried out over a range in mean temperature between 32 °C and ?9 °C suggest that cold airflows support higher mass transport rates (Q) than very warm air. The magnitude of this increase is larger than expected, so that analytical and semi‐empirical models underestimate Q. Extrapolation of the results suggests that, at ?40 °C, as for example in the dry valleys of Antarctica in winter, Q may be as much as 70% higher than for the equivalent wind speed in hot deserts at air temperatures of 40 °C. Temperature‐dependent changes in air density and turbulence contribute to this result. The decreased tension of water adsorbed onto particle surfaces at low temperatures is postulated to reduce interparticle cohesion and, thus, to increase the elasticity of particle impacts on cold beds. Definition of the roles that temperature and humidity play in aeolian transport is relevant to studies of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and extraterrestrial (or planetary) geology. Investigation of present‐day, cold climate features and of climate change effects also requires knowledge of these fundamental relations.     

曲靖市冰雹云雷达回波特征及防雹

本文通过对曲靖市711B数字化雷达冰雹云回波特征进行分析,总结2002年～2003年曲靖市防雹工作3年取得的经验,以期提高县级防雹指挥人员雷达回波分析能力和作业指挥能力,在防雹作业中科学的安排防雹炮弹的使用量。     

闽东北地区夏季对流云特征的初步分析

利用新一代天气雷达资料分析闽东北地区夏季对流云的回波特征。分析表明:多单体合并对流云在生命史、回波高度、强度、尺度等方面都超过了单体对流云,其液态水总量也更大,自然降水条件和人工影响潜力都优于单体对流云,是夏季降水和人工催化的重要云系。分析得到对流云发展的不同阶段、不同高度层辐合辐散特点,为进一步研究夏季对流云结构和降水原理提供科学依据。通过对两个个例的天气形势分析,指出冷空气对对流发展有一定的激发作用。     

Studies on wind environment around high buildings in urban areas

High buildings or architectural complex in urban areas remarkably distort the urban surface wind fields. As the air flow approaches,local strong wind may appear around the buildings. The strong wind makes the pedestrians on sidewalks, entrances and terrace very uncomfortable and causes the pedestrian level wind environment problem. In this studies, hot-wire wind measurement, wind scouring in wind tunnel and numerical computation were carried out to evaluate the wind environment of tall buildings in the prevailing flow conditions in Beijing areas. The results obtained by three techniques were compared and mutually verified. The conclusions drawn from three approaches agree with each other. Also the advantages and limitations of each method were analyzed. It is suggested that the combination of different techniques may produce better assessment of wind environment around high buildings.     

云南省祥(云)-临(沧)公路红土坡隧道变形原因及加固方案

云南省祥(云)-临(沧)公路红土坡隧道，在施工过程中变形严重，洞内数次冒顶、产生地面陷落，并诱发滑坡，严重影响了施工进度并造成较大经济损失。文章根据现场勘查及变形监控量测资料，详细论述了隧道变形特点，从地层岩性、构造、地应力条件、地下水作用、施工工艺、滑坡影响等方面综合分析了隧道变形原因。红土坡隧道变形是软弱的地层岩性、地应力条件改变、地下水作用、施工工艺以及滑坡偏压等各种因素共同作用的结果。且隧道变形诱发滑坡，滑坡又促使隧道进一步变形。基于此，文章提出了首先对滑坡进行支挡，再对隧道围岩进行加固的整治思路，并提出具体工程方案。整治工程实施后，红土坡隧道变形已得到完全控制，取得良好的治理效果。