Terrain correcting Australian gravity observations using the national digital elevation model and the fast Fourier transform

The release of a digital elevation model (DEM) for Australia on a 9″ (～250 m) grid has enabled the computation of gravimetric terrain corrections thus allowing the computation of complete Bouguer anomalies across the continent. The terrain correction was calculated through a two‐dimensional fast Fourier transform algorithm applied to a linear, planar approximation of the terrain‐correction formula, and with a constant topographic density of 2670 kg.m^‐3. The technique was applied to two datasets in order to test for instabilities in the terrain‐correction algorithm: the original 9″ DEM, and a 27″ DEM averaged from the 9″ data. The 27″ terrain corrections were compared with values supplied by the Australian Geological Survey Organisation in Tasmania: 86% of these data were found to agree within 3.91 μm.s^‐2; 98% agreed to within 5.32 μm.s^‐2 (1σ).     

简化数字地形分析软件(SimDTA)及其应用——以嫩江流域鹤山农场区的坡位模糊分类为例

为了在精细尺度下定量刻画地形特征,给地理建模提供更准确的定量地形参数,克服当今应用领域中常用商业软件的局限性,本研究讨论了面向栅格DEM的"简化数字地形分析软件"(SimDTA 1.0版本)。SimDTA实现了诸多计算局域和区域地形属性、定量描述地形部位信息的现有算法,以及新建算法。例如,针对一个实际的应用问题--坡位模糊分类,采用以坡位典型位置作为原型的新思路,在SimDTA中,实现了一个新的坡位模糊分类方法,能够克服现有其他方法忽略空间位置信息等问题。这一坡位模糊分类方法和SimDTA中实现的其他功能相结合,形成了一套完整的坡位模糊分类流程。本文通过在东北嫩江流域一个小区的实际应用和讨论来体现SimDTA的有效性和实用性。     

基于图像分层搜索的地形轮廓匹配算法设计

应用图像分层搜索序贯判决算法，进行海底地形轮廓匹配（TERCOM）算法设计。建立了上下两层同时匹配的比较控制逻辑，既提高了匹配速度，又减少了误匹配，增强了地形二维匹配的健壮性。应用实际海图原始数据进行仿真。结果表明，该算法在保持匹配速度的同时具有较高的匹配精度和抗差特性。     

Topographic analysis for the prairie pothole region of Western Canada

The unique topography of the pothole region of the North American prairies creates challenges for properly determining basin contributing area. Numerous depressions or potholes within the landscape impound runoff. However, potholes can ‘fill‐spill’ resulting in surface water connections between the potholes. Surface water connectivity between potholes ultimately influences basin contributing area. Currently, automated methods, such as landscape analysis tools, treat depressions in the landscape as artifacts and simply fill the depressions to delineate a drainage basin. Using this method to calculate contributing area assumes that all surface storage has been satisfied (threshold) and the drainage basin will contribute 100% of its area for all runoff events. However, most runoff events in the prairie pothole region are pre‐threshold events that contribute only a portion of surface runoff to the outlet. These pre‐threshold events have surface storage that varies because of antecedent water levels and have a variable or dynamic potential to store further runoff in the basin. Government agencies have developed methodologies for determining pre‐threshold contributing areas, but these methodologies do not incorporate current technologies and, as a result, have limitations. We propose an automated method for determining contributing area that incorporates the fill‐spill of prairie potholes. The algorithm, which uses the D‐8 drainage direction method, automates a methodology for identifying and quantifying runoff contributing area. Any algorithm that determines pre‐threshold contributing area, must allow the DEM to be filled in an incremental manner. This will simulate increasing pond levels, and the resulting decrease in available storage in the basin, in response to runoff events. The SPILL algorithm is an iterative solution that increases the magnitude of input runoff events and records the decreasing change in available surface storage and the increase in contributing area until the storage threshold is reached and the contributing area reaches 100%. Through application of the algorithm on prairie pothole region basins, we test proposed conceptual curves that describe a hypothesized non‐linear relationship between decreasing potential storage in the landscape and contributing area. Results indicate that the proposed conceptual curves represent the relationship between potential surface storage and contributing area in the test basins very well. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DEM精度评估方法的研究与实践

研究地形模型精度的关键就是要找到影响地形模型建模质量的相关因素及其他们之间的误差关系,以检测现有的DEM模型的精度,同时规范DEM模型建立的精度标准,使DEM模型能够更加准确、逼真地反映实际地面特征是DEM精度评估和质量控制的难点问题。本文从几个方面对DEM的精度评估方法进行了研究与实践,为今后DEM的精度评估提供了科学的参考依据和评估模型。     

全球虚拟地形环境中Mipmap纹理技术研究

Mipmap纹理技术是目前解决纹理分辨率与视点距离关系的最有效途径.将Mipmap纹理引入全球虚拟地形环境的金字塔模型中,在分析现有Mipmap纹理生成技术不足的基础上,提出了一种新的Mipmap纹理生成技术,并针对Mipmap纹理以多级形式存储会使数据量增加的问题,提出了Mipmap纹理压缩算法,以提高实时渲染中Mipmap纹理的装载速度和创建速度,并用实验结果验证了算法的可行性.最后给出了全球金字塔模型中Mipmap压缩纹理的存储结构.     

2020年主汛期长江流域短时强降水时空分布特征

长江流域(Yangtze River Basin,YZRB)是中国降水集中地.在气候变暖背景下,短时强降水(Short-Duration Heavy Rainfall,SDHR)有增加趋势.2020年主汛期(6—8月)YZRB出现多轮强降水,发生了新中国成立以来仅次于1954年、1998年的流域性大洪水.本文利用中国气...     

虚拟地形环境中道路与地形模型融合算法研究及精度评价

以大比例尺地图构建的虚拟地形环境,由于观察视点的接近以及应用中对各种查询和分析的需要,所以要求构建的环境既能准确地表现地形特征又能使地物与地形精确融合,准确地查询出地物的属性,以满足目视及精确定位的要求.然而,实际应用中往往忽视地形与地物的密切关系,从而导致在目视比例尺条件下出现地物飘在空中或钻入地下等失真现象.为此,本文以道路为例提出了道路模型与地形模型的融合算法,同时对融合后道路与地形模型的精度进行了评估,为构建逼真的地理环境提供了基础.也为河流、岛屿、湖泊等地物与地形模型的融合提供参考.     

Deblurring Texture Extraction from Digital Aerial Image by Reforming "Steep Edge" Curve

Texture extract from digital aerial image is widely used in three-dimensional city modeling to generate "photo-realistic" views. In this paper, a method based on reforming "Steep edge" curve, which clearly explains how the diffraction of the sunlight makes digital aerial image blurring, is proposed to deblur the texture extraction from digital aerial image, and the experiment shows a good result in visualization and automation.