Prompt seismic data sharing for the 2021 Maduo earthquake in Qinghai province,China

An M_S7.4 earthquake struck west China in Maduo county, Guoluo prefecture, Qinghai province on May 22, 2021, at 2:04 Beijing time (18:04 UTC on May 21, 2021), which broke the quiet period of Chinese mainland for 1382 days without earthquakes of magnitude 7 or higher. The analysis of the seismic data sequence would play an important role in the in-depth study of the Maduo earthquake and the Bayan Har block. The Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration (CEA), compiled observation data recorded through 57 broadband seismometers within 500 km of the earthquake epicenter and intended to share for further researches in earthquake science community. The shared dataset included waveforms of the event and its sequence with magnitudes of 3.0 or higher that occurred between May 22–31, 2021 with a sampling rate of 100 sps along with the continuous waveforms of 20 Hz and 100 Hz. Additionally, the seismic instrument response files also were shared. The event and continuous waveform records could be downloaded by submitting a request through the web platform of the Earthquake Science Data Center of the Institute of Geophysics, CEA (www.esdc.ac.cn).     

SARBuD 1.0： 面向深度学习的GF-3 精细模式SAR建筑数据集

合成孔径雷达SAR（Synthetic Aperture Radar）是开展城市建筑区信息获取与动态监测的重要数据源。本文建立了一个面向深度学习建筑区提取的中高分辨率SAR建筑区数据集SARBuD1.0 （SAR BUilding Dataset）。该数据集包含了覆盖中国不同区域的27景高分三号（GF-3）精细模式SAR图像,并从中获取了建筑区共计60000个SAR样本数据,结合光学图像与专家解译,制作了与样本数据对应的标签图像。SARBuD1.0数据集包含了不同地形场景类型、不同分布类型、不同区域的建筑区。该数据集可支持研究者对建筑区进行图像特征分析、辅助图像理解,并可对当前热点深度学习方法提供训练、测试数据支持。本文以山区建筑为例,使用传统纹理特征与深度学习特征对建筑区进行了特征分析与比较,相比于传统的人工设计的纹理特征,卷积神经网络具有更深、更多的特征,利用网络模型浅层的不同卷积核采样可得到各种纹理特征,在网络的深层卷积结构中可获取代表着类别的深层语义特征,使得分类器能更好地检测并提取图像中指定的目标。基于本数据集利用深度学习方法对不同地形区域的建筑区进行提取实验。实验结果表明基于本数据集训练的深度学习模型,对建筑区提取可以取得良好的结果,说明该数据集可以很好支持面向大数据的深度学习方法。其他学者可以基于SARBuD1.0数据集开展建筑区图像特征分析与语义分割提取等方面的研究。     

三套位势高度再分析资料在青藏高原地区的对比分析

利用ERA40、NCEP/NCAR和JRA25再分析资料以及青藏高原（下称高原）地区的探空资料和1979年高原地区第一次气象科学试验资料,较详细地比较了高原地区位势高度的分布和变化特征。结果表明,三套再分析资料在高原地区具有一定的相似性,但仍存在明显的差别。相比较而言,再分析资料与探空资料位势高度值呈显著正相关关系,J...     

三套再分析资料的中国夏季降水日变化特征

利用台站观测降水,评估分析了三套再分析(NCEP,ERA40和JRA25)降水资料对中国夏季降水日变化的再现能力.结果表明,三套再分析资料呈现的中国夏季降水日变化特征较观测存在明显偏差.对比台站观测的白天(08-20,北京时)和夜间(20-08时)降水比例.再分析降水在大部分区域都表现为白天较夜间偏多,NCEP和ERA...     

An improved and extended internally consistent thermodynamic dataset for phases of petrological interest,involving a new equation of state for solids

The thermodynamic properties of 254 end‐members, including 210 mineral end‐members, 18 silicate liquid end‐members and 26 aqueous fluid species are presented in a revised and updated internally consistent thermodynamic data set. The PVT properties of the data set phases are now based on a modified Tait equation of state (EOS) for the solids and the Pitzer & Sterner (1995) equation for gaseous components. Thermal expansion and compressibility are linked within the modified Tait EOS (TEOS) by a thermal pressure formulation using an Einstein temperature to model the temperature dependence of both the thermal expansion and bulk modulus in a consistent way. The new EOS has led to improved fitting of the phase equilibrium experiments. Many new end‐members have been added, including several deep mantle phases and, for the first time, sulphur‐bearing minerals. Silicate liquid end‐members are in good agreement with both phase equilibrium experiments and measured heat of melting. The new dataset considerably enhances the capabilities for thermodynamic calculation on rocks, melts and aqueous fluids under crustal to deep mantle conditions. Implementations are already available in thermocalc to take advantage of the new data set and its methodologies, as illustrated by example calculations on sapphirine‐bearing equilibria, sulphur‐bearing equilibria and calculations to 300 kbar and 2000 °C to extend to lower mantle conditions.     

多种再分析资料中热带气旋潜在生成指数分析

根据7套再分析资料计算的热带气旋潜在生成指数(GPI),分析了GPI对西北太平洋区域台风盛季(7—9月)热带气旋生成的表征能力。结果表明,虽然这些再分析资料计算得到的GPI的空间分布与观测的热带气旋生成特征都比较一致。但是,在时间变化上7套再分析资料计算的GPI对观测热带气旋生成的表征能力差异较大,其中ERA-40(欧州中期天气预报中心再分析资料)和MERRA(美国国家航空和航天局研究和应用再分析资料)的GPI与观测的相关系数较高。进一步分析表明,各套资料GPI之间时间变化的差异主要来自相对湿度,而ERA-40和MERRA的GPI与观测值有较高的相关系数,也与相对湿度有密切关系。     

基于ArcGISEngine的多源数据拓扑检查研究

在许多数据管理软件中,拓扑检查是必不可少的功能,数据管理软件往往会管理来自多个数据源的数据,而ArcGISEngine中要实现拓扑检查,必须将数据统一存放到一个要素集下,故需要有一个数据拷贝的过程,本文在对ArcGIS拓扑关系介绍的基础上,介绍如何实现基于ArcGISEngine的多源数据拓扑检查,为类似数据管理系统的开发提供参考。     

一种基于Mosaic Dataset的海量影像数据处理方法

高精度海量影像数据是天地图、数字城市等公共服务平台的基础数据源之一。巨大的数据量使得传统影像数据加工方法的效率大大降低,这也成为制约公共服务平台数据生产效率的瓶颈之一。本文基于ArcGIS10版本推出的Mosaic Dataset模型,实现了海量高精度影像数据的高效处理,从海量数据管理、数据预处理、投影变换、去黑边、填补空洞等方面,详细叙述了该模型在海量影像数据处理方面的应用。本研究期望为相关数据加工与生产提供借鉴。     

基于神经网络的全球三维温盐场重构技术研究

文章利用果蝇优化广义回归神经网络算法FOAGRNN (fruit fly optimization algorithm, FOA; generalized regression neural network, GRNN)对SODA (simple ocean data assimilation)再分析数据进行训练, 构建海表温度、盐度、海面高度与次表层温盐场之间的投影关系模型, 并在全球范围使用SODA和卫星遥感数据评估了模型的应用性能。首先, 利用独立的2016年SODA海表数据作为模型输入进行理想重构试验, 结果显示全球重构温、盐平均均方根误差(MRMSE)分别为0.36℃和0.08‰, 与世界海洋图集WOA13资料相比减小约50%和60%。然后, 利用卫星观测的海表信息作为模型输入进行实际应用试验, 并与Argo观测剖面进行比较评估。试验结果表明, 重构模型能有效表征海水温、盐特征, 其中重构温、盐MRMSE分别为0.79℃和0.16‰, 相比WOA气候态减小27%和11%。误差的垂向分布显示, 重构温度RMSE从海表向下迅速增大, 至100m达到峰值1.35℃, 而后又迅速回落,至250m处为0.81℃, 跃层往下不断减小; 重构盐度RMSE基本随深度增大而减小, 误差峰值位于25m附近, 约为0.25‰。此外, Argo浮标跟踪分析和区域水团统计结果也表明模型能够较好地刻画海洋三维温盐场的内部结构特征。     

Correlation in spectral accelerations for earthquakes in Europe

The shape of a uniform hazard spectrum has been criticized to be unrealistic for a site where the spectral ordinates of the uniform hazard spectrum at different periods are governed by different scenario events and conservative for long‐return‐period earthquake shaking. The conditional mean spectrum considering epsilon (CMS‐ε) takes into account the correlation of spectral demands (represented by values of ε) at different periods, to address these issues. This paper proposes new prediction models for the correlation coefficient of ε(T₁) and ε(T₂), a key component for developing a CMS, using Pan‐European earthquake records from a European ground motion database. Epsilon (ε) for each record is computed using the 2005 Ambraseys ground‐motion prediction equation. The model can be used to develop CMS for European sites, and it can be incorporated in the European seismic standards. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.