基于软件接收机的BDS/MEMS IMU深组合导航性能分析

针对BDS/MEMS IMU深组合导航全物理实验难度较大的问题,提出一种基于软件接收机的BDS/MEMS深组合导航系统仿真分析方法。给出BDS软件接收机结构,介绍深组合导航系统结构设计及滤波算法,最后基于仿真数据进行验证。结果表明,在高动态条件下,就BDS/MEMS IMU导航系统而言,其深组合的导航精度较紧组合有较大提高,位置误差小于1 m,速度误差小于0.01 m/s。     

甘肃地区S波非弹性衰减Q值研究

文中利用新建"十五"数字化地震观测网络项目记录到的甘肃地区地震波形资料,研究了甘肃地区S波的非弹性衰减Q值,得到甘肃东南地区Q值与频率的关系为Q(f)=374.0f0.3084;祁连山中东段地区Q值与频率的关系为Q(f)=693.6f0.2865。从分区Q值研究结果看,各分区之间存在较大差异,显示出了Q值空间分布的非均匀性特征,这种区域差异性与甘肃地区构造活动、地震活动、地壳速度结构及热活动状态的区域差异性有较好的一致性,活动强烈、高热活动以及低速区为相对低Q值区,地震波衰减较快。     

Q系统法在甘肃北山岩体质量评价中的应用研究——以BS03号孔为例

利用岩体质量评价Q系统的特点,对Q系统各参数进行赋值,根据Q值对BS03号孔附近岩体进行质量分级,给出定性结论。与利用RQD值所得岩体质量评价结果对比,一致性良好。     

Using geospatial technology to strengthen data systems in developing countries: The case of agricultural statistics in India

Despite significant progress in the development of quantitative geography techniques and methods and a general recognition of the need to improve the quality of geographic data, few studies have exploited the potential of geospatial tools to augment the quality of available data methods in developing countries. This paper uses data from an extensive deployment of geospatial technology in India to compare crop areas estimated using geospatial technology to crop areas estimated by conventional methods and assess the differences between the methods. The results presented here show that crop area estimates based on geospatial technology generally exceed the estimates obtained using conventional methods. This suggests that conventional methods are unable to respond quickly to changes in cropping patterns and therefore do not accurately record the area under high-value cash crops. This finding has wider implications for commercializing agriculture and the delivery of farm credit and insurance services in developing countries. Significant data errors found in the conventional methods could affect critical policy interventions such as planning for food security. Some research and policy implications are discussed.     

Approximating constant‐Q seismic propagation in the time domain

In this study, we investigate the accuracy of approximating constant‐Q wave propagation by series of Zener or standard linear solid (SLS) mechanisms. Modelling in viscoacoustic and viscoelastic media is implemented in the time domain using the finite‐difference (FD) method. The accuracy of numerical solutions is evaluated by comparison with the analytical solution in homogeneous media. We found that the FD solutions using three SLS relaxation mechanisms as well as a single SLS mechanism, with properly chosen relaxation times, are quite accurate for both weak and strong attenuation. Although the RMS errors of FD simulations using a single relaxation mechanism increase with increasing offset, especially for strong attenuation (Q = 20), the results are still acceptable for practical applications. The synthetic data of the Marmousi‐II model further illustrate that the single SLS mechanism, to model constant Q, is efficient and sufficiently accurate. Moreover, it benefits from less computational costs in computer time and memory.     

Reliable Procedure for Molecular Analysis of Airborne Microflora in Three Indoor Environments: An Office and Two Different Museum Contexts

Biological aerosols from air constitute a significant source of exposure to microorganisms in public places. Airborne microorganisms are involved in the development of certain respiratory symptoms, allergies, or infections among users and occupants. Various sampling instruments have commonly been used in aerobiology to collect bacteria and fungi suspended in the air. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable procedure for sampling in indoor public environments presenting different levels of occupancy, airborne bacteria and fungi to be subjected to molecular analysis (bacteria and fungi quantitative PCR, capillary electrophoresis single strand conformation polymorphism fingerprinting). Four different sampling devices were tested in situ in an office building (open‐plan type) and the sampling strategy chosen was tested in two museum contexts. In accordance with the drawbacks involved to our study (quantitative and qualitative aspects, cost, and overcrowding), cyclone device appeared to be most suitable. The results underline the effectiveness of this high‐volume aerosol sampling device for both qualitative and quantitative molecular analysis. Four in situ sampling collections were carried out in 1 day in the Louvre Museum to study quantitative and qualitative variations of airborne bacterial and fungal diversity. The quantitative results revealed a similar order of magnitude for the numbers of both bacteria and fungi. In the Louvre Museum, the samples yielded between 3.7 × 10⁴ and 4.1 × 10⁴ genome equivalent (GE) bacteria/m³ air and between 5.0 × 10⁴ and 5.9 × 10⁴ GE fungi/m³ air and in the Decorative Arts Museum between, 2.1 × 10⁴ and 2.5 × 10⁴ GE bacteria/m³ air and between 1.4 × 10⁴ and 1.7 × 10⁴ GE fungi/m³ air. The results also indicate that the dominant bacterial community displayed a stable structure over a short period of time whereas dominant eukaryotic airborne community appeared more variable.     

The influence of political ideology on greenhouse gas emissions

This research tests the casual link from political ideology to national greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing multinational panel data covering 98 countries during the period 1990–2016. Overall, the baseline results and robustness tests show a political divide on national greenhouse gas emissions, whereby compared to right-wing governments, left-wing governments are more likely to exhibit less carbon dioxide emissions. We further explore this topic from the perspectives of energy efficiency and education. Three-stage OLS regressions suggest that leftist parties increase energy efficiency and spend more on secondary education, which lead to less greenhouse gas emissions. We also introduce the interaction between political ideology and economic performance as well as globalization to test the moderating effects of economic performance and globalization. The study further looks into the interaction effects of political ideology and democracies on greenhouse gas emissions by dividing the whole sample into two sub-samples. The results indicate that the ideology effect on greenhouse gas emissions varies among countries with different economic performances or different degrees of political globalization, as well as between democracies and non-democracies.     

Environmental regulation and innovation: Evidence from China

The relevance of analyzing effects of environmental regulation on innovation cannot be overemphasized. In this paper, we first develop a theoretical model to predict how command-and-control environmental regulation affects innovation, and then we derive its channels. Using the difference-in-difference-in-differences strategy and a comprehensive dataset at city-industry-year level of manufacturing sectors in China, we found that the more stringent environmental regulations that are faced by cities, measured by the reduction targets of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) during the eleventh Five-Year Plan, are negatively associated with innovation. Thus, the evidence contradicts the Porter Hypothesis. On average, a one standard deviation increase in the reduction targets of COD (SO₂) is associated with a 0.023 (0.016) standard deviation decrease in the innovation index. We controlled carefully for various potential confounders, and the results were supported by robustness and falsification checks. There exists an evident heterogeneity effect across regions and industries with different pollution intensities. The channel analysis shows that stricter environmental regulation also accounts for a sharp decline in labor demand, firm entry, and inbound foreign direct investment. Our findings are also robust to alternative measures for innovation and environmental regulation.     

钦州湾-杭州湾构造结合带（南段） 地质演化和找矿方向

钦州湾-杭州湾结合带是位于扬子与华夏两大古陆块中间的巨型构造结合带。根据内部结构不均一性和演化历史的差异,钦-杭结合带可划分为3段：北（东）段、中段和南（西）段,分界线大致为北纬24°和北纬27°。中段与南岭带大体一致;北段指南岭以北地区,即绍兴-江山-萍乡一带;南段位于南岭以南区域,大致与云开-十万大山带相当。钦-杭结合带南段是华南大陆壳再造和矿产资源寻找的重要研究课题。它的地质演化与钦-杭结合带具有整体一致性,特别是具有一致的开-合历史。震旦系底部的粤西云浮大降坪块状硫化物矿床是海底喷流沉积的产物,它与信宜和陆川新元古代蛇绿岩等是南段洋壳存在的重要证据。在进一步的矿床勘查中,要重视斑岩型铜（钼）矿床的寻找。中酸性斑岩体来自于元古宙岛弧底部玄武质岩石（下地壳）在中生代时期的部分熔融,本质上该类矿床带有岛弧俯冲环境的基因。     

山西地区非弹性衰减系数、场地响应和震源参数的初步研究

利用山西数字测震台网“十五”数字化之后34次 ML2.5～ML5.2级地震波形资料,采用Atkinson方法反演出非弹性衰减Q值随频率f的关系为Q( f)=469.5df0.3141;采用Moya方法反演得出41个台站的场地响应,结果显示出仪器安置在山洞且地处外界干扰小的台站没有明显的放大效应,而其它台站尽管都是基岩台...