广东三水盆地西缘横江铅锌矿床的成矿时代及新生代找铜前景

近年来,在广东三水盆地及其西缘三洲盆地中,先后发现了长坑大型金矿床和富湾超大型银矿床及横江、茶山等铅锌矿床。为了查明横江铅锌矿床的成矿时代,文章采用了两种不同的方法,在两个不同的实验室内,分别测得该矿床中石英的形成年龄为35Ma(流体包裹体Rb_Sr等时线法)和36~39Ma(40Ar/39Ar快中子活化法),两者基本一致。这表明多金属成矿作用发生在渐新世,晚于长坑金矿床和富湾银矿床。最近,在横江铅锌矿床中发现铜的含量也很高。矿石中金属矿物主要是黄铜矿、辉铜矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿。因此,铜矿化的存在与富集,为三水盆地及其周边地区贵金属和有色金属的地质找矿提供了重要的新线索,同时也为在其他盆地区寻找有色金属矿床打开了新的思路。     

广东省酸雨分布特征及其影响因素

根据广东省气象部门所属4个酸雨监测站10多年的资料,研究了广东省降水pH值、酸雨频率的时空分布特征及其影响因素.分析结果表明,广州、韶关和电白的酸雨频率都在56%以上,降水pH年均值小于4.9,汕头的酸雨虽然较轻,但降水pH年均值仍小于5.6,酸雨频率也达到31.7%.4个站均表现出春季降水pH值低、酸雨频率高的季节分布特征.近年来,广州、韶关、汕头的降水pH值变化不大,酸雨频率却呈上升趋势.广东酸雨的形成不仅与SO2排放量高、气溶胶酸化缓冲能力低有关,也与天气系统和气象条件有关.     

发展广东省空间天气轨道的思考

根据中国气象发展战略研究成果中8条业务轨道对空间天气轨道的要求,通过对空间天气和空间天气学的描述,分析广东省气象部门空间天气发展的可行性与必要性,结合广东省气象局业务体制改革,对发展广东省空间天气业务提出一些建议。     

山东半岛北部近海海域北西向蓬莱—威海断裂带的声波探测

在山东半岛北部近海海域进行了多条剖面的声波探测，初步查明了蓬莱－威海断裂带的基本活动特征.该断裂带由一系列北西走向的次级断层组成，主体在长岛至大竹岛之间的海域，多数断层以正断兼有走滑运动为主，部分断层具有逆冲运动性质.断裂带在第四纪活动明显，以北东向桃村-东陡山断裂在海域的延伸段为界，蓬莱-威海断裂带可分为两段：长岛-烟台段和烟台-威海段.西段长岛-烟台段为晚更新世活动段，多数次级断层上断点埋深位于海底以下30m，明显错断了中更新世地层，部分断层明显错断了晚更新世早期地层，有些断层达到晚更新世地层中部，但没有发现全新世地层错动现象.东段烟台-威海段为中更新世活动段，没有发现晚更新世地层错断现象.蓬莱-威海断裂带对历史地震和现代小震活动具有明显控制作用，其中1548年7级地震发生于断裂带西段，1948年6级地震发生于断裂带东段.蓬莱-威海断裂带与北东向断裂交汇区是中强地震发生的有利部位.     

广东梅州崩塌滑坡地质灾害成因及防治对策

梅州山区频繁发生山体滑坡灾害是由该区特定的地质和气候等自然环境以及客家人特有的居住习惯等引起的。在此研究的基础上有针对性地提出适合梅州山区防治山体滑坡灾害的对策和建议。     

粤北大宝山多金属矿床成矿流体的He-Ar-Pb-S同位素示踪

大宝山多金属矿床是粤北地区典型的巨厚型及细脉带型矿化的多金属硫化物矿床.层状和脉状黄铁矿的氦氩同位素表明:3He/4He的R/Ra值为0.60～4.13,40Ar/86Ar=327～411,反映该成矿流体是大气饱和水(海水)与地幔流体混合作用的结果.铅和硫同位素都揭示了层状(块状)和脉状矿体可能来自不同时期的成矿流体.其中层状矿体为泥盆纪海底火山喷发沉积作用所致,脉状矿体可能来自燕山期岩浆热液充填叠加形成,古大陆碎屑物质和部分有机质的还原对后期成矿流体具有较大的影响作用.     

Tsunami deposits in the geological record

A review is presented here of tsunami deposits in the geological record. It begins with a discussion of the relationships between the processes of tsunami generation and propagation and the sedimentary responses. This is followed by a consideration of the sedimentary processes associated with the passage of tsunami waves across coastlines. Attention is also given to the sedimentary processes associated with tsunami-triggered gravity backwash flows and comparisons are made with turbidity current action. We observe that despite sedimentary evidence for recent tsunamiites, geological research on ancient tsunamis has not identified stratigraphic units associated with onshore tsunami sedimentation. Equally, it is noted that nearly all published studies of sedimentary processes associated with modern tsunamis have not considered patterns of sediment transport and deposition in the offshore zone.     

广东省地面塌陷特征及防治对策

广东省的地面塌陷主要有自然塌陷及人为塌陷等2种类型。其中人为塌陷包括抽排水塌陷及采空区塌陷。地面塌陷的平面形态多呈圆形、椭圆形、长条形和不规则形等;剖面形态大致可分为竖井状、蝶状、漏斗状及坛状等。从区域上看,地面塌陷的分布特征受地形地貌、地质构造、地下水作用特征、岩溶发育程度、覆盖层条件和人类工程活动等的控制。探讨了广东省地面塌陷的防治对策。     

广东珠江口-东平近海浅地层剖面的声学特征及地质意义

在对2005年广东珠江口-东平近海海域实测浅地层声学剖面资料进行地质解释的基础上,划分出八个地震相单元(亚单元),建立了调查区浅地层的沉积格架。对调查区内发育的沙脊、潮沟充填沉积体、浅海沙席和沙波等海底砂质地质体,以及埋藏潮流沙脊、大型充填潮沟和埋藏古河道等地质体的特征有了较深入的了解。对砂矿赋存条件、砂体厚度及物源供给等因素进行了讨论。     

Sensitivity analysis of seismic hazard for Western Liguria (North Western Italy): A first attempt towards the understanding and quantification of hazard uncertainty

The use of logic trees in probabilistic seismic hazard analyses often involves a large number of branches that reflect the uncertainty in the selection of different models and in the selection of the parameter values of each model. The sensitivity analysis, as proposed by Rabinowitz and Steinberg [Rabinowitz, N., Steinberg, D.M., 1991. Seismic hazard sensitivity analysis: a multi-parameter approach. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 81, 796–817], is an efficient tool that allows the construction of logic trees focusing attention on the parameters that have greater impact on the hazard.In this paper the sensitivity analysis is performed in order to identify the parameters that have the largest influence on the Western Liguria (North Western Italy) seismic hazard. The analysis is conducted for six strategic sites following the multi-parameter approach developed by Rabinowitz and Steinberg [Rabinowitz, N., Steinberg, D.M., 1991. Seismic hazard sensitivity analysis: a multi-parameter approach. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 81, 796–817] and accounts for both mean hazard values and hazard values corresponding to different percentiles (e.g., 16%-ile and 84%-ile). The results are assessed in terms of the expected PGA with a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years for rock conditions and account for both the contribution from specific source zones using the Cornell approach [Cornell, C.A., 1968. Engineering seismic risk analysis. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 58, 1583–1606] and the spatially smoothed seismicity [Frankel, A., 1995. Mapping seismic hazard in the Central and Eastern United States. Seismol. Res. Lett. 66, 8–21]. The influence of different procedures for calculating seismic hazard, seismic catalogues (epicentral parameters), source zone models, frequency–magnitude parameters, maximum earthquake magnitude values and attenuation relationships is considered. As a result, the sensitivity analysis allows us to identify the parameters with higher influence on the hazard. Only these parameters should be subjected to careful discussion or further research in order to reduce the uncertainty in the hazard while those with little or no effect can be excluded from subsequent logic-tree-based seismic hazard analyses.