全文获取类型
收费全文 | 740篇 |
免费 | 80篇 |
国内免费 | 64篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 261篇 |
大气科学 | 81篇 |
地球物理 | 83篇 |
地质学 | 183篇 |
海洋学 | 62篇 |
天文学 | 3篇 |
综合类 | 72篇 |
自然地理 | 139篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 26篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 24篇 |
2018年 | 16篇 |
2017年 | 42篇 |
2016年 | 37篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 31篇 |
2013年 | 63篇 |
2012年 | 46篇 |
2011年 | 35篇 |
2010年 | 43篇 |
2009年 | 35篇 |
2008年 | 37篇 |
2007年 | 51篇 |
2006年 | 40篇 |
2005年 | 38篇 |
2004年 | 32篇 |
2003年 | 30篇 |
2002年 | 24篇 |
2001年 | 31篇 |
2000年 | 29篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有884条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
81.
82.
Holistic approach of GIS based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and WetSpass models to evaluate groundwater potential in Gelana watershed of Ethiopia 下载免费PDF全文
Appropriate quantification and identification of the groundwater distribution in a hydrological basin may provide necessary information for effective management, planning and development of groundwater resources. Groundwater potential assessment and delineation in a highly heterogeneous environment with limited Spatiotemporal data derived from Gelana watershed of Abaya Chamo lake basin is performed, using integrated multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), water and energy transfer between soil and plant and atmosphere under quasi-steady state (WetSpass) models. The outputs of the WetSpass model reveal a favorable structure of water balance in the basin studied, mainly using surface runoff. The simulated total flow and groundwater recharge are validated using river measurements and estimated baseflow at two gauging stations located in the study area, which yields a good agreement. The WetSpass model effectively integrates a water balance assessment in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. The WetSpass model is shown to be computationally reputable for such a remote complex setting as the African rift, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and 0.99 for total flow and baseflow at a significant level of p-value<0.05, respectively. The simulated annual water budget reveals that 77.22% of annual precipitation loses through evapotranspiration, of which 16.54% is lost via surface runoff while 6.24% is recharged to the groundwater. The calibrated groundwater recharge from the WetSpass model is then considered when determining the controlling factors of groundwater occurrence and formation, together with other multi-thematic layers such as lithology, geomorphology, lineament density and drainage density. The selected five thematic layers through MCDA are incorporated by employing the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method to identify the relative dominance in groundwater potential zoning. The weighted factors in the AHP are procedurally aggregated, based on weighted linear combinations to provide the groundwater potential index. Based on the potential indexes, the area then is demarcated into low, moderate, and high groundwater potential zones (GWPZ). The identified GWPZs are finally examined using the existing groundwater inventory data (static water level and springs) in the region. About 70.7% of groundwater inventory points are coinciding with the delineated GWPZs. The weighting comparison shows that lithology, geomorphology, and groundwater recharge appear to be the dominant factors influence on the resources potential. The assessment of groundwater potential index values identify 45.88% as high, 39.38% moderate, and 14.73% as low groundwater potential zones. WetSpass model analysis is more preferable in the area like Gelana watershed when the topography is rugged, inaccessible and having limited gauging stations. 相似文献
83.
Land quality index assessment for agricultural purpose using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)
Tarun Kumar 《国际地球制图》2015,30(7):822-841
In this study, an attempt has been made to apply Remote Sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) to determine land quality for agriculture purpose using analytic hierarchy process technique. In this study, various thematic layers were used like organic matter content, soil texture, soil depth, soil pH, soil P, soil K, geomorphology, run-off potential, slope and land use/land cover to assess the land quality index of the study area for the agriculture purpose which were generated in the RS and GIS environment. The study area can be divided into four zones, viz. high quality, moderately quality, marginally quality and low quality according to their suitability of land quality for agriculture purpose. It was found that about 39.09, 31.24, 20.41 and 9.26% of the study area falls under high quality zone, moderately quality, marginally quality and low quality zone, respectively, for agricultural purpose. 相似文献
84.
湿地是地球的重要组成部分,快速而准确地提取湿地信息,是湿地动态监测和可持续发展的一项基础而重要的工作.以洪泽湖淡水湿地为研究对象,采用2006年8月19日的Landsat5 TM遥感影像为数据源,采用经K-T变换光谱增强后的数据及利用灰度共生矩阵分析影像第一主成分的纹理统计量作辅助分类变量,基于地物光谱特征、纹理特征和形状特征,运用决策树分类法提取洪泽湖湿地植被信息,将其分类结果与最大似然法的分类结果进行比较.结果表明:1)洪泽湖地区的湿地植被比较丰富,面积约占全湖的10.74%,其中以浮水植物为主.2)基于决策树的分类结果的精度有了明显的提高,总精度由77.33%提高到86.33%,Kappa系数由0.7292提高到0.8354,证明基于决策树分类方法是提取淡水湿地植被信息的有效手段. 相似文献
85.
为进一步了解国家级决策气象服务需求变化情况,通过调查问卷方式,收集国家级决策气象服务用户对决策气象服务工作的有关意见,结合2018年决策气象服务具体数据,分析党中央和国务院机构调整后,决策对象对气象灾害的关注特点以及对气象服务需求的变化。据此提出决策气象服务供给侧改革建议,1) 调整决策气象服务业务流程,优化决策气象服务产品内容。2) 推动发展新一代气象服务信息系统,提高决策气象服务技术能力。3) 推动建立与重点部门的沟通对接机制,为重点部门提供定制化、模块化决策气象服务信息支撑,实现用户向制作方的反馈机制。 相似文献
86.
研究了灰区间偏好的群体决策问题.在专家灰区间偏好群体意见集结过程中,常规的灰区间运算会产生决策信息的失真.为了避免这一缺陷,首先引入了灰区间调节参数的概念,通过建立求解调节参数的二次规划模型,确定专家灰区间判断的真值.建立了专家客观权重求解的二次规划模型,并给出了专家客观权重的最优解.此外,从另外一个角度同时考虑调节参数与客观权重,建立求解灰区间真值与专家客观权重的群体最优决策模型.气象敏感性行业专家群体评估决策的算例表明,决策策略是有效的. 相似文献
87.
RAE KWON CHUNG 《Climate Policy》2013,13(2):171-176
We can generate a net global GHG emission reduction from developing countries (in an UNFCCC term, non-Annex 1 Parties) without imposing targets on them, if we discount CERs generated from CDM projects. The CER discounting scheme means that a part or all of CDM credits, i.e., CERs, made by developing countries through unilateral CDM projects will be retired rather than sold to developed countries to increase their emissions. It is not feasible to impose certain forms of target (whether sectoral or intensity targets) on non-Annex 1 whose emission trend is hard to predict and whose industrial structure is undergoing a rapid change. Instead of imposing targets (a command and control approach), we should apply market instruments in generating a net global emission reduction from non-Annex 1. Since April 2005 when the first unilateral CDM was approved by the CDM Executive Board, CDM has been functioning as a market mechanism to provide incentives for developing countries to initiate their own emission reduction projects. As CDM is the only market mechanism engaging developing countries in the Kyoto Protocol, we should try to re-design CDM so that it can generate net global emission reductions by introducing the idea of discounting CERs. But in order to produce meaningful GHG emission reductions by discounting CERs, the project scope of CDM has to be expanded by relaxing project additionality criteria while maintaining strict technical additionality criteria. Agreeing on the CERs Discounting Scheme will have a better political chance than agreeing on imposing emission reduction targets on developing countries. 相似文献
88.
对数据的性质、数据之间的关系进行了讨论,并由此对决策表进行了分类。研究了协调决策表所需要的必要的数据个数,这对数据采集有着实际的指导意义和经济意义。讨论了协调决策表的数据约简,并证明其不影响进一步的属性约简和规则提取。基于数据的协调性,对协调决策表的属性约简进行了研究,并提出了一种规则提取方法。最后,用实例验证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
89.
根据水资源优化配置决策支持系统的开发实践,分析了多平台软件的集成问题,给出了多平台软件集成中用户数据及控制信息的相互传递方法。 相似文献
90.
王恩志 《地球科学与环境学报》1989,(2)
响应矩阵技术是解决地下水管理问题的方法之一,它是通过表征系统结构特征的单位脉冲响应函数来求得由抽水产生的水位分布,并以此作为线性规划的约束条件建立地下水系统的水动力管理模型。本文造过对唐马试验场水文地质条件的分析,建立数学模型并将其分解和离散,对渗流区内各井点作用一单位脉冲来形成响应矩阵,建立水动力管理模型和水位预报方程,对本区未来地下水开采进行优化决策。 相似文献