Lateral tidal mixing in the Antarctic marginal seas

Tidal mixing plays an important role in the modification of dense water masses around the Antarctic continent. In addition to the vertical (diapycnal) mixing in the near-bottom layers, lateral mixing can also be of relevance in some areas. A numerical tide simulation shows that lateral tidal mixing is not uniformly distributed along the shelf break. In particular, strong mixing occurs all along the Ross Sea and Southern Weddell Sea shelf breaks, while other regions (e.g., the western Weddell Sea) are relatively quiet. The latter regions correspond surprisingly well to areas where indications for cross-shelf exchange of dense water masses have been found. The results suggest that lateral tidal mixing may account for the relatively small contribution of Ross Sea dense water masses to Antarctic Bottom Water.     

地图数字化数据处理的相关平差与精度分析

根据地图数字化坐标转换方法、转换所得地面坐标平差方法 ,得到数字化数据处理的几种方案 ,对不同方案的计算结果进行比较 ,讨论了相关性对平差结果的影响 ,并对数字化数据的精度评定进行了分析     

特定基准下的异常位移诊断

针对地壳运动和变形研究中存在的位移资料的参考基准、异常位移等问题，主要讨论了位移资料特定基准的转换和异常位移诊断的数学模型——特定基准转换模型为七参数相似变换模型，转换保持了变形体内部相对位置关系不变，并使转换后的位移矢量更能体现区域内的相对运动信息；异常位移诊断采用拟准检定法(QUAD)，在选定拟准观测的情况下，使得位移真误差具有明显的分群性；模拟算例结果显示，本文采用的线性变换模型、粗差拟准检定法都表现出很好的效果。     

GPS测定坐标转换至地方坐标

GPS测量得到的是WGS-84中的地心空间直角坐标，而工程施工中通常使用地方独立坐标系，要求得到地方平面坐标。平面转换模型原理简单，数值稳定可靠，但只能适用于小范围的GPS测量。空间转换模型可用于大范围GPS测量，分为七参数转换和三参数转换两种。鉴于北京54坐标的大地高通常不能精确已知，对这两种参数转换方法得到的平面坐标的精度进行了比较，得出大地高精度主要表现为对高程的影响，对平面坐标影响较小的结论，同时，还讨论了七参数与三参数对转换结果的影响。     

Stepwise Conditional Transformation for Simulation of Multiple Variables

Most geostatistical studies consider multiple-related variables. These relationships often show complex features such as nonlinearity, heteroscedasticity, and mineralogical or other constraints. These features are not handled by the well-established Gaussian simulation techniques. Earth science variables are rarely Gaussian. Transformation or anamorphosis techniques make each variable univariate Gaussian, but do not enforce bivariate or higher order Gaussianity. The stepwise conditional transformation technique is proposed to transform multiple variables to be univariate Gaussian and multivariate Gaussian with no cross correlation. This makes it remarkably easy to simulate multiple variables with arbitrarily complex relationships: (1) transform the multiple variables, (2) perform independent Gaussian simulation on the transformed variables, and (3) back transform to the original variables. The back transformation enforces reproduction of the original complex features. The methodology and underlying assumptions are explained. Several petroleum and mining examples are used to show features of the transformation and implementation details.     

Spectral and Multiscale Signal-to-Noise Thresholding of Spherical Vector Fields

The basic concepts of spectral and multiscale selective reconstruction of (geophysically relevant) vector fields on the sphere from error-affected data is outlined in detail. The reconstruction mechanism is formulated under the assumption that spectral as well as multiscale approximation is well-representable in terms of only a certain number of expansion coefficients at the various resolution levels. It is shown that spectral denoising by means of orthogonal expansions in terms of vector spherical harmonics reflects global a priori information of the noise (e.g., in form of a covariance tensor field), whereas multiscale signal-to-noise thresholding can be performed under locally dependent noise information within a multiresolution analysis in terms of spherical vector wavelets. An application of the multiscale formalism to Earth's magnetic field determination is presented.     

欧亚冬季雪盖异常及其与ENSO循环的关系

利用 NOAA- NESDIS提供的 1 973— 2 0 0 0年北半球雪盖面积资料 ,研究了欧亚冬季雪盖的时空特征 ,发现欧亚大陆中高纬地区积雪有明显的整体性分布特征 ,而50°N以南的冬季积雪随纬度的变率较大 ;欧亚大陆中高纬地区冬季积雪呈东西反位相分布。利用小波分析发现 ,冬季欧亚积雪具有显著的 3～ 4 a周期。最后指出 ,欧亚积雪异常引起的下垫面热力异常可能为次年 El Nino事件的爆发提供触发条件。     

基于小波分析和神经网络的框架结构损伤诊断方法

本文提出了基于“能量—损伤”原理，综合利用小波包分析和神经网络的框架结构损伤诊断方法。在结构损伤诊断中，时域信号经小波分析后其缺损特征会更加明显，把分布在不同频带的结点能量作为神经网络的训练样本能够很好地反映结构缺损特征。以美国土木工程师学会提出的基准结构为例，阐述了结构损伤的发生、位置和程度诊断过程，取得了令人满意的结果。     

地震资料小波剖面制作系统

对不同的小波变换算法和小波基函数进行了研究，得到了适用于地震资料处理的最佳小波基函数，并用Visual C 语言开发了基于Windows操作平台下的地震资料小波剖面制作系统。利用小波剖面制作系统和最佳小波基函数对煤田实际地震资料进行了处理，取得了令人满意的地质效果。