Polar climate system modeling in China: Recent progress and future challenges

The first fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model developed in China was released in the mid-1990s. Since then, significant advances in climate system model developments have been achieved by improving the representations of major physical processes, increasing resolutions, and including an ice-shelf component. There have also been many modeling studies in China on the polar climate system, including weather and sea-ice numerical forecasts to meet the national needs of polar scientific expeditions, assessments of the state-of-the-art coupled model performance, and process-oriented studies. Future model developments and modeling activities will need to address several big scientific questions originating from the polar climate system: i) How will polar ice mass balance evolve and affect global sea level? ii) How can we properly simulate openocean deep convection and quantify its role in driving the lower branch of the global overturning circulation? iii) How are Arctic and Antarctic connected and what caused the contrasting sea ice trends in the two polar regions over the last decades? To address these questions, polar climate system modelers will need to analyze extended observational datasets on a global scale and work together with other polar researchers to develop a more comprehensive and sustainable observation system in the polar regions.     

用模式匹配法计算电阻率测井响应研究进展

数值模式匹配法是地球物理电磁场计算中的一种半数值、半解析的高效算法,相对于别的数值算法具有明显的优越性,近年来在电法测井数值模拟中得到了成功应用.本文详细地介绍了数值模式匹配法的原理和模式匹配法在电法测井的发展历程和最新应用情况,系统总结了用模式匹配法计算电阻率测井响应的思路和基本步骤,并展望了其在电法测井三维数值模拟中的应用前景.     

东亚地区地磁场的理论分析与矩谐模型

根据东亚地磁场三分量绝对测量资料,使用矩谐分析方法研究了东亚地区（北纬２０-７０,东径４０-１６０）的地磁异常场,计算出地磁异常的矩谐模型．据此模型编绘了Ｘ．ＹＺ三分量磁异常图．结果表明,在东亚的中心地区地磁异常的分布比较均匀,表现出区域特征．而在边界地区,特别是西南角和东南角一带,由于缺乏实测数据,边界效应很大．     

苏锡常地区GIS与地下水开采及地面沉降模拟模型系统集成分析

以ＧＩＳ为主控模块,选择美国国防部开发的地下水运动模拟模型系统（ＧｒｏｕｎｄｗａｔｅｒＭｏｄｅｌｉｎｇＳｙｓｔｅｍ简称ＧＭＳ）和美国Ｄ．Ｃ．Ｈｅｌｍ等人开发的地面沉降模拟模型系统（Ｃｏｍｐａｃ）,进行苏锡常地区ＧＩＳ与地下水运动模拟和地面沉降模拟模型系统集成分析和设计。从ＧＩＳ、ＧＭＳ和Ｃｏｍｐａｃ概念模型供需要求,分析说明集成系统的特点和设计思路,且对集成系统的多种数据兼容性、数据分析处理及集成计算、结果可视化和构件化修改功能进行阐述。     

西北太平洋热带气旋活动影响区域大尺度环流的数值模拟研究

本文利用"模式手术"方法研究了西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)对东亚—西北太平洋区域大尺度环流的影响.结果表明,夏季频繁的西北太平洋TC活动导致东亚夏季风增强,季风槽加深;西太平洋副热带高压东退,位置偏北;东亚副热带高空急流强度增强,北太平洋(东亚大陆)上急流轴偏北(偏南);热带地区(副热带地区)的对流层中低层出现异常上升气流(下沉气流),并且从低纬向高纬呈现异常上升气流和异常下沉气流交替分布特征.在中国东南沿海,TC降水导致夏季降水量明显增加;而在长江中下游和华北地区,TC活动引起的异常下沉气流使夏季降水量显著减少.因此,夏季西北太平洋TC活动对东亚—西北太平洋区域气候有显著影响.     

青藏高原东缘非刚性书斜式断层模型的物理模拟实验研究

印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞导致青藏高原垂向上整体快速隆升的同时,也导致东缘被断裂分割的块体沿着大规模走滑断裂的横向滑移,这也是青藏高原演化变形的两种端元模型:大陆逃逸模式和地壳增厚模式。本文设计了三种非刚性书斜式断层模型,运用粒子速度场成像技术(PIV, Particle Image Velocimetry)监测模型表面变形。实验结果表明,非刚性块体边界受力前后,位移场、速度、剪应变和面应变会有明显的不同。根据实验结果主要得出两点结论:①青藏高原东缘的变形是连续的,块体内部发育了冲断带、裂谷系统和右行走滑断裂系统;②自中新世以来,青藏高原东缘主要经历了两阶段的演化,早中新世-晚中新世(22～8Ma),既有左行走滑活动,也有块体的顺时针旋转,形成了近东西向的祁连山-南山冲断带、积石山冲断带、祁漫塔格冲断带、渭河地堑以及近南北向的右行走滑断裂;晚中新世(8Ma)以来,块体旋转量极少,主要以左行走滑断裂为主,发育了近南北向的冲断带和裂谷系统。     

应用卫星重力数据监测维多利亚湖流域水储量变化

维多利亚湖是非洲第一大淡水湖,也是全球十大湖泊中纬度最低的淡水湖,有利于GRACE的监测。维多利亚湖为其流域内的居民提供了赖以生存的淡水资源,监测其水储量变化有重要意义。利用2003年1月至2016年12月间的GRACE时变重力场数据反演其水储量变化,针对GRACE数据处理过程中产生的信号泄漏问题,采用Forward Modeling的方法恢复信号,结果表明:此方法能有效地减小泄漏误差,恢复初始信号;通过分析维多利亚湖流域水储量的变化趋势,发现其水储量在2003年至2016年有明显的阶段性变化,并且水储量易受到自然因素和人为因素影响;联合GRACE、卫星测高和GLDAS计算了流域内的地下水变化,其趋势与WGHM模式输出结果具有很好的一致性。     

Sea ice evolution and internal wave generation due to a tidal jet in a frozen sea

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of tidal currents on sea ice in Spitsbergen fjords which may cause rapid decrease of the ice thickness due to erosion and melting of the ice. The effect was studied in-situ near the narrow channel connecting the Van Mijen Fjord and Lake Vallunden. The strong jet-like tidal currents in the strait driven by semidiurnal tide continue into the lake preventing ice freezing along a narrow strip during high tide and relatively warm weather. Understanding the formation of open water regions or regions with thin ice is important for the safe transportation on ice. We estimate conditions and representative time over which strong tidal current influences ice thickness along a narrow strip in solid ice. Changes of tidal phase and decrease in air temperature influence freezing of the strip in one-two days. While the tidal flow leaves the strait it overflows a shallow bar and generates internal lee waves propagating downslope and mixing the water. Tidal forcing of internal waves was measured using pressure gauges and by scanning of the ice surface during flood and ebb phases. Internal waves were measured using three types of CTD instruments and an ADCP current meter. The generation of wave packets occurs every tidal cycle when the current flows into the lake, but no generation occurs during the ebb phase of the tide because the currents over the bar slope are low. Parameters of internal waves are estimated. Model simulations confirm generation of internal wave train by the tidal current descending downslope.