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991.
黄金鱼 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(8):180-181,184
全球定位系统GPS是一种先进的测量工具,它的出现和不断发展,极大地促进了测绘工作的进步,具有快速、准确、高效的特点,而且不受地形条件的限制,大大提高了工程测绘的工作效率。本文结合南安市新农村D级GPS网的测量实例,阐述如何进行GPS控制网的技术设计、外业选点埋石、方案的观测实施、内业对观测数据的质量控制、基线解算、网平差计算以及精度分析等。同时对GPS平面控制网建立的有关问题提出一些建议。 相似文献
992.
993.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(12):1197-1213
ABSTRACTThe new land observation satellite Sentinel-1A was launched on 25 April 2014 with a C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor, which has the significant enhancements in terms of revisit period and high resolution. The Mw 6.1 Napa, California earthquake occurring on 24 August 2014, almost 4 months after the launch, is the first moderate earthquake imaged by the Sentinel-1A. This provides an opportunity to map the coseismic deformation of the event and evaluate the potential of Sentinel-1A SAR for earthquake study. Two techniques including the interferometric SAR (InSAR) and pixel offset-tracking (PO) are, respectively, employed to map the surface deformation along the radar line of sight (LOS), azimuth and slant-range directions. The cross comparison between Sentinel-1A InSAR LOS deformation and GPS observations indicates good agreement with an accuracy of ~2.6?mm. We further estimate the earthquake source model with the external COSMO-SkyMed InSAR and GPS data as constraints, and forward calculate the surface deformation as cross validation with the Sentinel-1A observations. The comparison between the observed and modeled deformation shows that the Sentinel-1A measurement accuracy can achieve 1.6?cm for InSAR technique along LOS direction, and 6.3 and 6.7?cm for PO along azimuth and range directions, respectively. 相似文献
994.
995.
GARY J. HUNTER IAN P. WILLIAMSON 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):169-179
With an ever-increasing number of land information systems being developed, there is a growing demand by users for systems which support the use of temporal data for time-based studies. System managers, however, may have difficulty responding to these calls because of the lack of available research to guide them in their task. This paper examines the simple method of storing and processing temporal graphical data by the addition of time-encoding attributes to data elements as required. To illustrate the technique, a historical digital cadastral database has been created which al lows users to display and report on the cadastral parcellation of a region at any time in the past. The method can also be widely applied to other data to assist a broad range of space/time-related studies. 相似文献
996.
Phaedon C. Kyriakidis Michael F. Goodchild 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):823-855
Three forms of linear interpolation are routinely implemented in geographical information science, by interpolating between measurements made at the endpoints of a line, the vertices of a triangle, and the vertices of a rectangle (bilinear interpolation). Assuming the linear form of interpolation to be correct, we study the propagation of error when measurement error variances and covariances are known for the samples at the vertices of these geometric objects. We derive prediction error variances associated with interpolated values at generic points in the above objects, as well as expected (average) prediction error variances over random locations in these objects. We also place all the three variants of linear interpolation mentioned above within a geostatistical framework, and illustrate that they can be seen as particular cases of Universal Kriging (UK). We demonstrate that different definitions of measurement error in UK lead to different UK variants that, for particular expected profiles or surfaces (drift models), yield weights and predictions identical with the interpolation methods considered above, but produce fundamentally different (yet equally plausible from a pure data standpoint) prediction error variances. 相似文献
997.
Xiaohua Tong Dan Liang Gusheng Xu Songlin Zhang 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):1147-1171
With the rapid development of geospatial data capture technologies such as the Global Positioning System, more and higher accuracy data are now readily available to upgrade existing spatial datasets having lower accuracy using positional accuracy improvement (PAI) methods. Such methods may not achieve survey-accurate spatial datasets but can contribute to significant improvements in positional accuracy in a cost-effective manner. This article addresses a comparative study on PAI methods with applications to improve the spatial accuracy of the digital cadastral for Shanghai. Four critical issues are investigated: (1) the choice of improvement model in PAI adjustment; five PAI models are presented, namely the translation, scale and translation, similarity, affine, and second-order polynomial models; (2) the choice of estimation method in PAI adjustment; three estimation methods in PAI adjustment are proposed, namely the classical least squares (LS) adjustment, which assumes that only the observation vector contains error, the general least squares (GLS) adjustment, which regards both the ground and map coordinates of control points as observations with errors, and the total least squares (TLS) adjustment, which takes the errors in both the observation vector and the design matrix into account; (3) the impact of the configuration of ground control points (GCPs) on the result of PAI adjustment; 12 scenarios of GCP configurations are tested, including different numbers and distributions of GCPs; and (4) the deformation of geometric shape by the above-mentioned transformation models is presented in terms of area and perimeter. The empirical experiment results for six test blocks in Shanghai demonstrated the following. (1) The translation model hardly improves the positional accuracy because it accounts only for the shift error within digital datasets. The other four models (i.e., the scale and translation, similarity, affine, and second-order polynomial models) significantly improve the positional accuracy, which is assessed at checkpoints (CKPs) by calculating the difference between the updated coordinates transformed from the map coordinates and the surveyed coordinates. On the basis of the refined Akaike information criterion, the two best optimal transformation models for PAI are determined as the scale and translation and affine transformation models. (2) The weighted sum of square errors obtained using the GLS and TLS methods are much less than those obtained using the classical least squares method. The result indicates that both the GLS and TLS estimation methods can achieve greater reliability and accuracy in PAI adjustment. (3) The configuration of GCPs has a considerable effect on the result of PAI adjustment. Thus, an optimal configuration scheme of GCPs is determined to obtain the highest positional accuracy in the study area. (4) Compared with the deformations of geometric shapes caused by the transformation models, the scale and translation model is found to be the best model for the study area. 相似文献
998.
Juan J. Ruiz F. Javier Ariza Elidia B. Blázquez 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(9):1439-1466
This article is centred on analysing the state of the art of the conflation processes applied to geospatial databases (GDBs) from heterogeneous sources. The term conflation is used to describe the procedure for the integration of these different data, and conflation methods play an important role in systems for updating GDBs, derivation of new cartographic products, densification of digital elevation models, automatic features extraction and so on. In this article we define extensively each conflation process, its evaluation measures and its main application problems and present a classification of all conflation processes. Finally, we introduce a bibliography which the reader may find useful to further explore the field. It tries to serve as a starting point and direct the reader to characteristic research in this area. 相似文献
999.
为了减少对GPS提供的高精度授时服务的依赖,建设拥有自主知识产权的且具有投入成本低、精度高的授时系统。提出了一种利用地面高稳定度原子钟作为时频基准,通过通信卫星转发实现卫星广播授时的新方法。详细研究了利用地面高稳定度原子钟和通信卫星组成的导航星座进行多星授时、单星授时的原理和测量方法,分析研究了影响授时精度的原因。由于转发式卫星授时系统的时频基准源稳定度高,其测距精度也会相应的提高。只要精确扣除时延误差,同样可以实现高精度授时。粗码的授时精度可达20ns以内,短精码的授时精度可达10ns左右。总之该系统具有组建灵活简便、应用面广等优势和特色。 相似文献
1000.
为了解WCZ-3S陆地地磁日变观测系统的性能,分别在江苏盐城和海南三亚将WCZ-3S与Sentinel基站磁力仪、WCZ-2磁力仪、WCZ-3磁力仪进行了同步测量,通过比较分析的方法,对WCZ-3S的测量精度、测量曲线的准确性、磁暴识别功能进行了检验。测试结果表明:WCZ-3S的实测精度约为0.3 nT,稍逊于Sentinel基站磁力仪;WCZ-3S与其他几台磁力仪所测曲线的幅值、相位保持一致;WCZ-3S的实时成像功能可帮助台站工作人员对海洋磁力测量期间的磁暴现象进行识别。 相似文献