一种新的针对反射波的逆时偏移真振幅成像条件

真振幅成像是一种代表性的定量估计模型参数扰动高波数部分的地震波成像方法.经典的真振幅成像方法在高频近似和理想照明假设条件下求取显式对角Hessian逆矩阵作为偏移振幅加权算子,用以校正波传播过程中的几何扩散效应,得到模型参数扰动的带限估计.真振幅保真成像方法在利用逆时偏移（RTM）框架实现时会产生低波数噪声,影响对高波数参数估计的精度.本文给出了一种新的基于RTM框架的真振幅保真成像条件,该成像条件针对反射波数据,在高频近似下散射模式对应正问题及Bayes反问题框架下导出.与传统基于高频渐进反演的波动方程成像方法类似,利用本文提出RTM成像条件能够保证计算结果与高频近似下反演结果的一致性.同时,利用本文提出RTM真振幅成像条件能够在成像过程中自动保真的消除传统真振幅RTM算法中存在低波数噪声,模型数值实验结果验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性.     

成象光谱图象光谱吸收鉴别模型与矿物填图研究

本文提出了一种光谱吸收鉴别模型，拟通过矿物光谱吸收特征的鉴别，在成象光谱上实现矿物直接识别与填图。该模型的核心是光谱吸收指数技术（ＳＡＩ）。从理论上探讨了ＳＡＩ的本质，应用Ｈａｐｋｅ光谱模型讨论了ＳＡＩ与光谱吸收系数（ｄ）以及单散射反照率（ｗ）之间的函数关系，并从成象光谱图象辐射信息传递过程分析了图象ＳＡＩ与光谱吸收深度的关系，而光谱吸收深度与岩石矿物成分含量之间具有定量关系，这显示了ＳＡＩ提取矿物定量遥感信息能力。ＳＡＩ已经成功地应用于ＦＩＭＳ、ＭＡＩＳ和ＧＥＲＩＳ图象处理与矿物填图，本文通过哈图、塔里木、以及澳大利亚松谷的实例研究，表明ＳＡＩ是一种有效的提取矿物类型与丰度信息的方法。     

成像光谱遥感数据的光谱重建研究

成像光谱遥感数据处理中的一个重要环节是大气辐射纠正，它是成像光谱遥感定量化的重要部分，本文推导出一种简单的方法，对高光谱分辨率航空遥感图象进行大气纠正，反射率图像转换及光谱重建，并在地质资源遥感调查中应用，取得很好的效果，同时，对重建的地物光谱中出现的误差，进行了分析。     

成像光谱数据建模与分类识别技术研究——以云南腾冲矿区为试验区

在系统分析成像光谱数据特征及岩石矿物具有诊断意义的吸收光谱特征形成机理的基础上，采用基于相关系数测度的光谱匹配技术、基于高斯改进型模型的光谱建模技术及人工神经网络分类算法，实现了岩石矿物光谱特征波形对比分析及诊断光谱信息提取与建模，提高了光谱分类识别算法的计算速度和分类精度。采用上述技术对云南腾冲铀矿区进行实验研究，取得良好效果。     

裂缝宽度的定量计算及储层流体类型识别

在辽河测井公司完成的声电成像模拟井的基础上,利用声波成像测井资料建立了定量计算裂缝宽度的方法,并应用该方法评价储层裂缝参数,进而通过综合研究识别储层流体类型,在辽河油田复杂岩性储层取得了良好的应用效果.     

Broad depth range seismic imaging of the subducted Nazca Slab, North Chile

In this paper, we present a compilation of modern seismic and seismological methods applied to image the subduction process in North Chile, South America. We use data from active and passive seismic experiments that were acquired within the framework of the German Collaborative Research Center SFB267 ‘Deformation Processes in the Andes’. The investigation area is located between 20° and 25°S and extends from the trench down to 100 km depth. In the depth range between the sea bottom and 15 km, we process an offshore seismic reflection profile using a recently developed velocity-model-independent stacking procedure. We find that the upper part of the subducting oceanic lithosphere in this depth range is characterized by a horst-and-graben structure. This structure supports an approximately 3 km thick coupling zone between the plates. In the depth range between 15 and 45 km, we analyse the spatial distribution of aftershocks of the Antofagasta earthquake (1995). The aftershock hypocenters are concentrated in an approximately 3 km thick layer. Finally, in the depth range between 45 and 100 km, we apply Kirchhoff prestack depth migration to the onshore ANCORP profile. A double reflection zone is observed between 45 and 60 km depth, which may represent the upper and lower boundary of the subducted oceanic crust. Over the whole range down to more than 80–90 km depth, we obtain an image of the subducting slab. At that depth, the hypocenters of local earthquakes deviate significantly in the direction perpendicular to the slab face from the reflective parts of the slab. Consequently, our results yield a complete seismic image of the downgoing plate and the associated seismic coupling zone.     

以反射系数为特征量的瞬变电磁电性界面的成像

目的：为提高瞬变电磁探测精度，提出用反射系数作为特征量来对地下电性分界面成像，给出了方法的数学模型和实现步骤，并给出从实测数据中提取反射系数，对电性界面实现成像的思路，资料和方法：由野外实测资料出发，在频率域内用数字滤波技术计算波阻抗，再通过域的变换在时间域内建立含有反射系数的方程组。结果：最终后通过线性规划法求出反射系数，并以此值为参数来绘制成像断面。结论：数值模拟结果和实例的应用结果表明方法正确、有效。方法本身提高了瞬变电磁对电性层的分辨能力。     

On the latitudinal distribution of Titan's haze at the Voyager epoch

We have analysed all the available high phase angle images of Titan limb taken by Voyager 1 and 2, in early 1980. For several different phase angles and wavelengths, we seek for a consistent set of haze parameters able to fit all data simultaneously. Our main purpose is to obtain an accurate estimate of the latitudinal variation of haze opacity at 200 km altitude at the time of the Voyager flyby's. We find that haze opacity at 200 km is about constant in the southern hemisphere and drops between equator and 60^°N by about 30-50%, sharply increasing again beyond 60^°N. The latter feature is clearly due to the north polarhood.This behaviour is opposite to total optical depth variations retrieved from IRIS observation, at the same epoch. The IRIS data refer to levels below 100 km altitude. A comparison of our results with calculations from a general circulation model, shows that (1) our results are realistic and can be considered as robust (2) the opacity variations at 200 km (this work) and at ground (IRIS data), although opposite, are not inconsistent with each other.     

Improving sub-salt imaging using 3D basin model derived velocities

The quality of depth imaging is directly related to the accuracy of the underlying velocity model. In most sub-salt settings, lack of angular illumination severely degrades the resolution and accuracy of velocity information derived from the seismic data itself. A standard approach for building a starting velocity model uses more reliable velocity information outboard of salt which is subsequently extrapolated to populate the sub-salt regions. The shortcoming of this method lies in the assumption that the effective stress observed outboard of salt can be extrapolated beneath salt solely as a function of depth below mudline.     

EH4电磁成像系统在杭州湾地区晚第四纪地层中的应用

超音频电磁-大地电磁测深法（EH4）具有不受高阻层屏蔽影响、性能稳定、轻巧便携、操作方便、施工简单和成本低廉等优点，非常适合浅层地质勘探。本文以杭州湾南岸新湾地区的EH4电磁勘探测量结果为例，论述了它在晚第四纪地层基底识别、岩性和沉积相划分、储层和天然气层判别等方面的应用结果。研究表明，EH4电磁成像系统获得的新湾地区晚第四纪地层电阻率-深度剖面，能够详细地反映晚第四纪地层基底连续变化情况，新湾地区晚第四纪沉积层基底为一凹凸不平的不整合面，变化极其复杂。不同沉积环境下形成的沉积物类型和粒度均不同，随着沉积物粒度的减小电阻率亦减小，因而借助电阻率的变化，可以大致划分沉积物及沉积相类型。通过单点电阻率曲线和电阻率-深度剖面图，可以清楚地反映地下介质电阻率变化情况，气层厚度、气层与水层电阻率差值越大，气层在电阻率曲线上的显示越强，反之则越弱。电阻率曲线可以确定砂质透镜体的位置和分布范围，并判断出气层深度和厚度。