呼伦湖东露天矿剖面有机碳的总量及其稳定碳同位素和古环境演化

湖泊沉积物中有机碳的总量（TOC）取决于湖泊的初始生产力及有机质沉积后的保存能力,而有机碳的稳定同位素（δ~(13)C）值则反映了不同来源有机质的组成以及流域古植被状况。本文通过对内蒙呼伦湖东露天煤矿剖面TOC及δ~(13)C值的垂直分布的研究,结合剖面的沉积特征及孢粉、硅藻分析结果,讨论了呼伦湖地区末次冰期以来古气候古环境演化过程。结果表明有机碳的总量及其稳定碳同位素可作为分析古气候环境的一种有效的代用指标。     

呼伦湖浮游植物群落季节动态及其与环境因子的关系

为探究呼伦湖浮游植物群落的季节变化特征及其与环境因子的关系,本研究分别于2019年3、5—10月对呼伦湖浮游植物的种类、细胞密度和生物量及湖水水质进行调查.结果显示,共鉴定出120种浮游植物,隶属于7门72属.从浮游植物群落季节组成差异上来看,春季绿藻门种类数最多,其次是硅藻门、蓝藻门;夏秋季绿藻门种类数最多,蓝藻门次之;冬季硅藻门种类数最多,绿藻门次之.呼伦湖浮游植物优势种主要为硅藻门的梅尼小环藻（Cyclotella meneghiniana）、蓝藻门的卷曲长孢藻（Anabaena circinalis）和细小平裂藻（Merismopedia minima）,种类数在春季最多,秋冬季最少.浮游植物细胞密度在春季（123.52×10⁴ cells/L）和冬季（16.41×10⁴ cells/L）较夏季（280.80×10⁴ cells/L）和秋季（380.63×10⁴ cells/L）低,春冬季绿藻门细胞密度最高,夏秋季蓝藻门细胞密度最高.就浮游植物生物量而言,夏季（0.38 mg/L）最大,其次是秋季（0.26 mg/L）和春季（0.24 mg/L）,冬季（0.13 mg/L）最小.香农-威纳（Shannon-Wiener）多样性指数、均匀度指数和综合营养状态指数均表明呼伦湖水体处于中营养状态.冗余分析（RDA）表明：水温、叶绿素a、pH和营养盐浓度是影响呼伦湖浮游植物群落分布的主要环境因子.     

1986—2017年呼伦湖湖冰物候特征变化

湖冰冰情物候特征是气候变化的敏感指示器之一。论文以呼伦湖为研究对象,基于MODIS、Landsat、GF-1、HJ-1等多源遥感影像及气象数据,利用RS和GIS技术综合分析了1986—2017年呼伦湖冰情物候特征及其对区域气候的响应。结果表明：① 呼伦湖年均开始冻结时间在10月下旬至11月上旬,从结冰开始到完全封冻的时间平均只有6.4 d;开始融冰时间在次年的4月上旬,消融期平均为32 d左右,到5月初或5月上旬湖冰完全融化。② 1986—2017年,在整个研究期呼伦湖完全封冻期呈现显著缩短趋势,平均缩短18.5 d;完全结冰时间有一定延迟现象,平均延后8.4 d;冰全部融化时间呈现提前趋势,平均提前了11.2 d。③ 湖冰冻结消融空间特征表现不同,冻结时先从湖岸形态较复杂地区结冰,然后由东岸向西岸迅速封冻,消融时先从湖泊西北岸开始,逐渐向东岸融化。④ 在影响因素方面,呼伦湖冰情特征主要受到区域气温、风速、风向等因素的影响。     

近40a呼伦贝尔市暴雨时空变化特征分析

使用呼伦贝尔市16个国家气象观测站1971—2010年逐日降水资料,分析了近40 a呼伦贝尔市暴雨次数和暴雨量的时空变化特征。结果表明：该市暴雨具有我国东北地区暴雨的特征,即局地单站暴雨发生最频繁（占81.3%）,其次是区域性暴雨（占13.3%）,连续暴雨发生频次较低;该市暴雨次数和暴雨量年际变化趋势一致,并在时间序列上均存在一致的3个时期：20世纪70年代初暴雨较少期、20世纪70年代末到90年代末暴雨较多期、21世纪初暴雨较少期;该市暴雨开始于5月,结束于9月,主要出现在夏季,集中在7下旬,8月上旬次之;暴雨总量沿大兴安岭山脉自西北向东南方向递增,大兴安岭东面暴雨总量明显大于大兴安岭西面,说明地形对呼伦贝市暴雨作用显著。     

Holocene climate changes in the mid-high-latitude-monsoon margin reflected by the pollen record from Hulun Lake, northeastern Inner Mongolia

Pollen-assemblage data from a sediment core from Hulun Lake in northeastern Inner Mongolia describe the changes in the vegetation and climate of the East Asian monsoon margin during the Holocene. Dry steppe dominated the lake basin from ca. 11,000 to 8000 cal yr BP, suggesting a warm and dry climate. Grasses and birch forests expanded 8000 to 6400 cal yr BP, implying a remarkable increase in the monsoon precipitation. From 6400 to 4400 cal yr BP, the climate became cooler and drier. Chenopodiaceae dominated the interval from 4400 to 3350 cal yr BP, marking extremely dry condition. Artemisia recovered 3350-2050 cal yr BP, denoting an amelioration of climatic conditions. Both temperature and precipitation decreased 2050 to 1000 cal yr BP as indicated by decreased Artemisia and the development of pine forests. During the last 1000 yr, human activities might have had a significant influence on the environment of the lake region. We suggest that the East Asian summer monsoon did not become intensified until 8000 cal yr BP due to the existence of remnant ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere. Changes in the monsoon precipitation on millennial to centennial scales would be related to ocean-atmosphere interactions in the tropical Pacific.     

生态重要性视角下东北林区县域生态安全格局研究——以呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗为例

县域生态安全格局构建对于保障我国生态安全、优化县域生态空间格局具有重要意义。基于内蒙古呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗生态系统服务功能重要性评价结果,利用景观形态空间格局分析 （MSPA）模型识别生态核心区作为生态源地,基于生态阻力因子与生态威胁因子构建阻力栅格,运用电路理论识别生态廊道、夹点以及改善区,构建阿荣旗综合生态安全格局。结果表明：（1） 阿荣旗生态极重要区面积4181.66 km²,占全旗面积的37.80%,生态重要区面积2174.50 km²,占全旗面积的19.80%,阿荣旗整体生态系统服务功能重要性较高。（2） 生态源地共有33块,占地面积1141.00 km²,主要分布于旗域北部区域,其中乔木林地是生态源地主要用地类型。（3） 构建生态廊道共73条,其中关键廊道62条,潜在廊道11条,总面积为1884.80 km²,生态廊道网络化结构完整,呈“北密南疏”分布状态。（4） 共识别夹点区面积71.25 km²,提取重要夹点38个,一级改善区面积176.65 km²,主要分布于旗域南部;二级改善区面积887.12 km²,主要分布于旗域南部与西北部。对各景观生态要素进行总体规划,宏观上形成“一屏两区,一网多点”的生态安全格局,为国土空间格局优化提供了现实路径和科学指引。     

Environmental mechanism of magnetic susceptibility changes of lacustrine sediments from Lake Hulun, China

The changes of magnetic susceptibility(κ) are correlated with those of corresponding sedimentological, geochemical, mineralogical and biological results, which verifies thatκ can be taken as one of the environmental proxies. However, usually the exact origin of magnetic signal is poorly understood, and is difficult to relate with the environmental evolution. Magnetic properties of material derived from the catchment and sedimentary environment may affect the accumulation, preservation, or authigenesis and diagenesis of magnetic minerals. In the Lake Hulun region in Inner Mongolia, it is found that muddy sediments, deposited during high water level period (corresponding to humid climate), have comparatively highκ values. In contrast, the sandy sediments, deposited during low water level period (corresponding to arid climate), have lowκ values. Detailed rock magnetic investigation confirms that detrital magnetite derived from volcanic rocks in the catchment exists in both muddy and sandy sediments. During high water level period, secondary ferrimagnetic iron sulphide was produced in muddy sediments under relatively reductive conditions. Ferrimagnetic iron sulphide, coexisting with detrital magnetite, predominates the magnetic properties of muddy sediments, resulting in increasingκ. This paper reveals the significance of authigenic ferrimagnetic iron sulphide produced after sediment deposition.     

基于MOD16的呼伦贝尔蒸散量变化分析

利用2001—2014年MOD16数据和气象站点资料,分析呼伦贝尔市ET、PET的时空变化特征。研究表明,呼伦贝尔市的年平均ET为310.0 mm,呈林区农区牧区分布,年平均倾向率为15.3 mm/10 a。年平均PET为1 096.0 mm,呈农区、牧区两侧向林区递减分布,年平均倾向率为-20.7 mm/10 a。牧区西部ET显著增加(P0.05)、PET显著减小(P0.05),其他地区ET、PET变化不显著。ET与PET之差在5—6月最高,该时段为呼伦贝尔市缺水最为严重的月份。结合气象因子分析,全年的PET均会受到气温的影响,而只有冬季的ET会受到气温影响,植被生长季里ET和PET都会受到相对湿度和降水的影响,生长季的日照长度也会对PET产生影响,但10 m风速与ET和PET的相关性较差。     

Vegetation traits and soil properties in response to utilization patterns of grassland in Hulun Buir City,Inner Mongolia,China

Numerous studies have focused on vegetation traits and soil properties in grassland, few of which concerned about effects of human utilization patterns on grassland yet. Thus, this study hypothesized that human disturbance （e.g., grazing, mowing and fencing） triggered significant variation of biomass partitioning and carbon reallocation. Besides, there existed some differences of species diversity and soil fertility. To address these hypotheses of grassland with diverse utilization patterns in Hulun Buir City, Inner Mongolia, China, we sampled in situ about aboveground biomass （AGB） and belowground biomass （BGB） to evaluate their biomass allocation. Species diversity and soil properties were also investigated. Subsequently, we discussed the relationship of species diversity with environmental conditions, using data collected from 23 sites during the ecological project period of Returning Grazing Lands to Grasslands （RGLG） program. The results were as follows： 1） both AGB and BGB were lower on grazing regime than those on fencing and mowing, but the ratio of root-to-shoot （R/S） was higher on grazing regime than the other two utilization patterns; 2） neither of evenness and Simpson Index was different significantly among all grassland utilization patterns in desert, typical, and meadow grassland at 0.05. In meadow grassland, species richness of fencing pattern was significantly higher than that of grazing pattern （p 〈 0.05）; 3） both of soil organic carbon content and soil available phosphorous content were increased significantly on fencing pattern than grazing pattern （p 〈 0.05） in desert grassland, and mowing patterns increased the soil nutrients （soil organic carbon, soil total phosphorous, soil available phosphorous, and soil total nitrogen） significantly compared with grazing patterns （p 〈 0.05） in typical grassland. However, there were no significant differences among utilization patterns in meadow grassland. In conclusion, both of AGB and BGB were increased s     

2011年呼伦贝尔市闪电密度特征初探

利用2011年呼伦贝尔市9部ADTD型地闪定位仪提供的地闪观测资料,对呼伦贝尔市地闪发生时空分布特征进行分析。结果表明:云地闪中负闪约占92.62%;夏季地闪活动最强,春、秋两季次之,冬季最弱,地闪主要集中在7—8月;地闪的发展有明显的日变化,呈双峰双谷形式,地闪活动下午最活跃;闪电密度的空间分布与地形和下垫面的性质关系密切,地闪的大值中心位于南北走向的大兴安岭山脉东西两侧,白天地闪密度大值中心位于大兴安岭山脉与松嫩平原过渡区山坡上,而夜间地闪密度大值中心则位于呼伦贝尔高原与大兴安岭山脉的过渡区沙丘地带。