锦州-迁安太古宙赞岐岩类片麻岩成因及其动力学意义

详细的野外地质调查和综合研究表明冀东-辽西南部地区太古宙变质基底主要由富钾花岗质岩石组成,由锦州至迁安构成一条NEE向延伸200余千米的富钾花岗质岩石带。这些富钾花岗质岩石主要由似斑状/中粒石英二长闪长质-花岗闪长质-二长花岗质片麻岩和中粒二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩构成。全岩地球化学分析表明这些石英二长闪长质-花岗闪长质-二长花岗质片麻岩具有高FeO~T、MgO、K_2O和Mg~#值的地球化学特征,与全球范围内中-新太古宙赞歧岩类相似。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果表明这些岩石形成于2546~2543Ma。岩石成因研究表明这些赞歧岩类片麻岩形成于俯冲板片及其拖曳的洋壳沉积物、增生楔物质的熔体和受俯冲流体、熔体交代的地幔楔之间相互作用引发的一系列的岩浆作用。这一多样化的赞岐岩类岩浆作用形成了一条新太古代赞岐岩类带,该赞岐岩类带反映了冀东-辽西南部地区新太古代从NNW向SSE向板片热俯冲的动力学体制。     

Single planet formation regime in the high-ionization environment:Possible origin of hot Jupiters and super-Earths

We studied the particle growth in a protoplanetary disk in a high-ionization environment and found that icy planet formation is inactive for a disk with an ionization rate 100 times higher than that of the present Solar System. In particular, in the case of M 10~(-7.4)M_☉yr~(-1), only rocky planet formation occurs. In such a case, all the solid materials in the disk drift inward, eventually reach the inner MRI front,and accumulate there. They form a dense, thin sub-disk of solid particles, which undergoes gravitational instability to form rocky planetesimals. The planetesimals rapidly grow into a planet through pebble accretion. Consequently, rocky planets tend to be much larger than planets formed through other regimes(tandem planet formation regime and dispersed planet formation regime), in which icy planet formation actively takes place. These rocky planets may evolve into hot Jupiters if they grow fast enough to the critical core mass of the runaway gas accretion before the dispersal of the disk gas, or they may evolve into super-Earths if the gas dispersed sufficiently early.     

岩浆与构造作用对洋壳厚度的影响——以西北印度洋为例

洋中脊及邻区洋盆的洋壳厚度能很好地反映区域岩浆补给特征,对于研究洋中脊内部及周缘岩浆活动和构造演化过程具有很好的指示意义.西北印度洋中脊作为典型的慢速扩张洋中脊,其扩张过程与周缘构造活动具有很强的时空关系.本文利用剩余地幔布格重力异常反演了西北印度洋洋壳厚度,由此分析区域内洋壳厚度分布和岩浆补给特征.研究发现,西北印度洋洋壳平均厚度为7.8 km,受区域构造背景影响厚度变化较大.根据洋壳厚度的统计学分布特征,将区域内洋壳分为三种类型:薄洋壳(小于4.5 km)、正常洋壳(4.5~6.5 km)和厚洋壳(大于6.5 km),根据西北印度洋中脊周缘(~40 Ma内)洋壳厚度变化特征可将洋中脊划分为5段,发现洋中脊洋壳厚度受区域构造活动和地幔温度所控制,其中薄洋壳主要受转换断层影响造成区域洋壳厚度减薄,而厚洋壳主要受地幔温度和地幔柱作用影响,并在S4洋中脊段显示出较强的热点与洋中脊相互作用,同时微陆块的裂解和漂移也可能是导致洋壳厚度差异的原因之一.     

温泉水中H2S对游离C02检测的影响

在实验室条件下模拟温泉水中H2S和游离C02来研究温泉水中H2S对游离C02现场检测的影响,以及现场检测时如何消除H2s的影响。实验结果证明：温泉水中H2S对游离C02的测定存在影响,其影响结果随H2S含量的不同而不同;采用扣除法可以很好的消除温泉水中H2S对游离CO2测定的影响。     

Major,trace element and stable isotope composition of water and muds precipitated from the hot springs of Bolivia: Are the waters of the spring's potential ore forming fluids?

The deposition of metal-rich black or reddish muds by many thermal springs in the Cordilleras and the Altiplano of Bolivia suggest that these geothermal waters may be related to those that once formed the world-class Bolivian tin, silver and gold mineralisation. The discharge temperatures of these springs are as high as 70 °C. According to δ¹⁸O, δD, tritium data and Ar/N₂ ratios these waters are predominantly of meteoric origin. Less than 10% of the discharging thermal water represents deep-seated metal-rich thermal brines of at least 530 °C according to carbon exchange between CO₂ and CH₄. These brines ascend along tectonic faults and mix with low-temperature meteoric water in surface-near aquifers. The meteoric component of the thermal water is recharged in the high Cordilleras with residence times exceeding 50 years. The chemical composition of the thermal water is dominated by the rather inefficient low-temperature leaching of the surface-near aquifer rocks by meteoric water. The small fraction of metal-rich hot deep-seated water is not able to increase the metal content of the water mix to a level sufficient to classify these thermal waters as ore-bearing. Surface-near leaching is supported, e.g., by the B/Li ratios of the spring water of the Western Cordillera and Caleras/Pulacayo in the Eastern Cordillera that correspond very closely to that of the easily leachable glassy inclusions of the outcropping andesitic lavas. The often remarkable metal content of the muds deposited by the springs originate from efficient scavenging of heavy metals by ferric oxyhydroxides. Under the given arid to semi-arid climate the muds are additionally enriched in metals by wind-transported dust. The present study does support a relation of the actual thermal waters with neither the classical subduction-related Upper Tertiary tin, silver and gold mineralisation nor the supposed younger Sb mineralisation of Bolivia.     

Use of principal component analysis for identification of Rockland and Trego Hot Springs tephras in the Hat Creek Graben,northeastern California,USA

Discontinuous tephra layers were discovered at Burney Spring Mountain, northern California. Stratigraphic relationships suggest that they are two distinct tephras. Binary plots and standard similarity coefficients of electron probe microanalysis data have been supplemented with principal component analysis to correlate the two tephra layers to known regional tephras. Using principal component analysis, we are furthermore able to bound our uncertainty in the correlation of the two tephra layers. After removal of outliers, within the 95% prediction interval, we can say that one tephra layer is likely the Rockland tephra, aged 565–610 ka, and the second layer is likely from Mt. Mazama, the Trego Hot Springs tephra, aged ~ 29 ka. In the case of the Rockland tephra, the new findings suggest that dispersal to the north was highly restricted. For Trego Hot Springs ash, the new findings extend the distribution to the southwest, with a rapid thinning in that direction. Coupled with considerations of regular tephra dispersal patterns, the results suggest that the primary dispersal direction for both tephras was to the south, and that occurrences in other directions are unlikely or otherwise anomalous.     

腾冲新生代火山区CO2气体释放通量及其成因

许多研究结果表明,休眠期火山主要通过喷气孔、温泉以及土壤微渗漏三种方式向大气圈释放温室气体。腾冲是我国重要的新生代火山区之一,同时也是主要的水热活动区,但是关于温室气体释放通量的研究却鲜有报道。本文首次估算了该地区土壤微渗漏和温泉水的CO2释放通量,并根据气体成分的分析结果探讨了这些温室气体的来源。2012~2013年连续两年使用密闭气室法现场测量了土壤微渗漏CO2通量,结果表明,马站、热海-黄瓜箐和五合-蒲川-团田三个地区通量较高,其中,热海-黄瓜箐地区平均通量最高,马站次之,五合-蒲川-团田地区最低。较高的土壤微渗漏CO2释放地区同前人推断的岩浆囊的分布在空间上具有较好的一致性;三个地区气体的3He/4He比值较高,三端元模拟结果表明,它们均有较高含量的幔源He释放;根据气体CO2/3He与δ13CCO,CO2模拟计算,CO2主要来源于碳酸盐矿物的脱碳作用和岩浆脱气。由此推断2的释放同深部的岩浆囊具有重要的成因联系,它为碳酸盐矿物的脱碳作用提供了主要的热源,同时也是重要的物质来源。根据土壤微渗漏CO2平均通量及火山、地热异常区的分布面积估算出三个地区土壤微渗漏CO2的释放通量分别为1.8×106t/a(马站),3.2×106t/a(热海-黄瓜箐)和2.0×106t/a(五合-蒲川-团田)。腾冲新生代火山区每年通过土壤微渗漏向大气圈释放CO2的量至少可达7.0×106t,为意大利Etna火山区释放CO2通量(1.4×107t/a)的二分之一。通过水岩相互作用计算温泉水中CO2气体的释放通量为4.9×104t/a。腾冲温泉气泡及温泉水向大气圈释放CO2气体的总通量为5.3×104t/a,远高于意大利Vulcano火山区温泉释放的CO2总通量(3.7×103t/a)。     

应用于射电天文的低噪声温度测量方法

噪声温度是接收机和低噪声放大器最重要的性能指标,是了解设备性能好坏的关键因素。随着电子技术的快速发展,接收机和低噪声放大器的噪声温度变得越来越低,准确而快速地测量接收机和低噪声放大器的噪声温度变得非常困难。介绍了6种在射电天文中经常使用的测量低噪声温度的方法,这些测量方法具有准确可靠、简单易行的优点。叙述了测量原理并给出了一些测量方法的测量结果,对影响测量噪声温度精度并且易被忽视的因素也做了详细讨论。     

Screening of thermophilic microalgae and cyanobacteria from Tunisian geothermal sources

Six geothermal sources distributed in the north and south of Tunisia were examined monthly during the period from August 2009 to April 2010, in order to determine mats communities' abundance and biodiversity. Twenty-seven taxa, belonging to three taxonomic groups: Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta were identified. The Cyanobacteria group was more prominent with a particular dominance of two genera Phormidium and Spirulina. Their maximum abundance was respectively 919.2 ± 44.2 10³ cells ml⁻¹ and 652.8 ± 92.6 10³ cells ml⁻¹. The dominant mats morphologies in prospected sites were filaments. Results demonstrate that biodiversity values ranged between 0.16 and 1.15 bits. cell⁻¹. The spatial variations showed that the regional specificity in mats species biodiversity and abundance between north and south were not signified, whereas, each site had specific species. Temporal variations showed an increase of microalgae and prokaryotes abundance in the dry season.