山西能源重化工基地建设研究

山西能源重化工基地建设关系到全国四个现代化的实现,被列为国家重点建设工程,制定了《山西能源重化工基地综合规划》。本文分析了80年代山西省经济建设的成就与问题。提出了“整体创新,综合开发”,把山西能源重化工基地建设成内陆经济开放区的战略大思路,为此,90年代应完成11项大型经济战略工程,同时展望了经济发展改革前景。     

Main Controlling Factors on Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Distribution in Marine Sedimentary Sequences in South China

Multiple source rock assemblages were deposited in the sedimentary provinces in South China in geologic history,and some of them were destructed by and some survived against multiple tectonic movements.Therefore,multiple sources,mixed sources,and uneven distribution of sources occurred in the marine sedimentary basins in South China during the late stage of hydrocarbon pooling.Epidiagenesis of the marine carbonate reservoirs and its modification to reservoir poroperm characteristics determined the formation and the scale of natural gas pools.The exploration practices show that the large to medium gas fields mainly occur in areas with high-quality reservoirs.Detailed study of the paleo-oil accumulations and typical oil and gas reservoirs reveals that the basins experienced multiphase superimposition and modification,leading to the distribution of the Paleozoic paleo-oil accumulations and bitumen in the peripheral areas.The phenomenon that oil and gas production concentrates in the Sichuan basin indicates that the overall sealing conditions of a basin determine the oil/gas potentials and the scale of oil and gas production.This is a critical factor controlling the accumulation and distribution of gas in the marine sequences in South China.The early oil and gas pools in the Yangtze platform left billions of bitumen in the peripheral areas due to the destruction of seals.Since the Himalayan,"late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools represented by the gas pools in the Sichuan (四川) basin were formed in the marine sedimentary sequences in South China as a result of the change of the sealing conditions.Current gas discoveries appear to be "paleo-generation and paleo-accumulation" gas pools but actually are "late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools.These patterns of hydrocarbon pooling clearly depict themselves in western Sichuan basin and Weiyuan (威远)gas field.It is revealed that the gas pools in the Sichuan basin were mainly formed as a result of hydrocarbon phase change (thermal cracking of oil to gas),miscible migration,and dynamic equilibration since the Himalayan.A large number of gas pools were formed in the Himalayan and the gas pools in the marine sequences are characterized by late pooling; this kind of gas fields/pools are controlled by:(1) effectiveness of modification and superimposition of the marine basins,(2) effectiveness of the source rocks,(3) effectiveness of the overall preservation conditions,and (4) effectiveness of plays.     

模拟酸雨及施磷对水稻土中铅的淋溶特性影响

采用pH=3.0、pH=4.5与对照pH=5.6的3种模拟酸雨淋溶土柱的方法,研究酸雨及含磷酸雨淋溶下合肥市郊水稻土中铅的释放特征与规律。结果表明:经过相当于1 980 mm降水量的淋溶后,铅释放量总体上表现为随着酸雨强度增加累积淋溶量也增加的现象。酸雨作用下,施磷量越多土壤中铅的淋失总量越大。在酸雨及施磷条件下,大兴地区黄褐土中Pb较义城地区水稻土中易于淋失。     

低渗透储层水平井—直井联合布井极限注采井距研究

低渗透储层水平井—直井联合布井技术具有广泛的应用前景,其布井方式至关重要。首先利用劈分流场的方法直观地给出常规储层水平井—直井联合布井的产能评价方法;然后针对低渗透储层的渗流特点,在考虑启动压力梯度条件下建立新的井网渗流物理模型并求解得到产能评价公式;最后经分析计算给出启动压力梯度影响的面积井网极限注采井距关系曲线。研究结果为低渗透储层部署水平井—直井联合井网提供理论依据。     

Early Uplift History of the Tibetan Plateau:Records from Paleocurrents and Paleodrainage in the Hoh Xil Basin

Paleocurrent indicator data collected in field work were used to study the early Cenozoic regional paleodrainage patterns in the Hob Xil basin in northern Tibetan plateau. The paleocurrent directions of the Eocene Fenghuoshan Group obviously show that the flows were northward with a unidirectional dispersal pattern. This probably reflects the uplift of the Qiangtang terrain during the initial basin deposition period and indicates that the Tanggula Moutains occurred as topographic highlands at least in the Eocene. Paleoflows of the Oligocene Yaxicuo Group were dominantly oriented to the north and then flowed eastwards during its late deposition. This regional variability of paleodrainage patterns of the Yaxicuo Group is interpreted to record the dispersal style of sediments from transverse rivers to longitudinal river systems. It is inferred that the Oligocene uplift of the Kunlun Mountains obstructed by northward paleoflows and created longitudinal river systems parallel to the orogenic belts. The temporal and spatial changes of the paleodrainage patterns suggest that the northern boundary of the Tibetan plateau during the early Cenozoic was situated in the Hoh Xil area and its uplift has progressed northwards through time.     

西藏冈底斯地区水系格局与新构造活动关系的遥感研究

运用RS和GIS技术,以青藏高原冈底斯地区遥感影像图的制作和水系格局详细解译为基础,结合冈底斯地区线性构造解译,分析了冈底斯地区水系的展布特征和活动构造对水系的控制作用,认为冈底斯地块在新近纪以来随青藏高原整体隆升的同时,区内断隆带和断陷带的隆升速率和强度又有显著差异; 伴随强烈的隆升过程,在地体内发育大量不同性质的近NS向断裂构造,冈底斯地区水系的分布和形态明显受该区新构造运动的控制。     

江西省地质灾害-气象预警预报系统研究

论文采用了降雨特征（用降雨诱发指数表征）与地质环境条件（以地质灾害敏感性指数表征）进行叠加、分析,确定预警预报等级,建立地质灾害-预警预报模型的方法;提出了预警产品制作与发布、多普勒雷达跟踪、应急指导、反馈信息收集、灾情调查的地质灾害气象预警预报工作程序。对近几年江西省地质灾害-预警预报效果分析,总结了地质灾害-预警预报成功与失败的经验教训,提出今后的工作设想与建议。应用基于GIS的地质灾害预警预报系统已在近几年的地质灾害-气象预警预报中不断完善,预警预报精度得到提高,防灾减灾效果明显,对保护人民生命财产安全发挥了重要作用。     

地下开采引发地面沉陷的未确知聚类预测方法

对未确知聚类预测法进行优化,并将其应用于开采地面沉陷的预测研究。采用开采地面沉陷的实测数据按最大沉陷量进行分类,利用各分类影响因素的均值表示各分类中心,并确定各影响因素的未确知测度函数。由待测对象指标的综合未确知测度与各分类指标的未确知测度间的距离来确定待预测对象所属等级,给出了预测值的计算公式。经计算验证,该方法的正确率为75％。但在实际应用中,为了保证地表建筑设施等更加安全,允许预测级高判,则正确率可达100％。针对某铁矿一观测点进行预测,并与实测数据比较,结果表明,未确知聚类预测的结果是令人满意的,为开采地面沉陷的预测提供了一种新思路。     

三峡水库建设前后10年库区景观空间格局动态变化研究——以重庆开县为例

在遥感和地理信息系统技术的支持下,以1992年和2002年TM图像为基础,采用斑块密度、斑块平均面积、景观形状指数、景观分离度指数、景观多样性指数、景观优势度指数、景观相对聚集度指数深入而全面地研究了三峡工程建设前后十年重庆开县景观空间格局的动态变化,本研究的开展旨在为库区生态环境保护提供科学依据。研究结果表明,十年间研究区景观空间格局发生了明显变化,草地、未利用地、旱地、果园和水田面积净减,森林、建设用地、灌木林和水域面积增加,退耕还林已初见成效。