东海北部海水中硝酸盐(NO_3-N)的分布及其成因

本文根据“中日黑潮合作调查”在东海的调查资料,探讨了硝酸盐的分布特征,以及水文条件对其分布的影响,并比较了不同年份夏季硝酸盐的分布差异及其原因。分析表明,表层海水中硝酸盐分布明显受长江冲淡水影响,陆架区测值高于外海,冬季测值高于夏季; ５０ｍ ,１００ｍ 层上陆架、黑潮锋区存在着硝酸盐锋面,黑潮主干的摆动可能是影响锋面位置的主要因素     

黄海陆架锋特征及其生态效应的初步分析

黄海陆架锋是影响中国东部陆架边缘海生态系统的一种关键的中尺度物理过程,对局部的生物地球化学过程非常重要.不少学者也致力于黄海陆架锋的研究,通过分析观测资料和数值模拟,不断认识和揭示了陆架锋的产生机制及其分布和变化规律,同时,在锋区环流结构以及陆架锋与一些生态学现象的联系方面也取得了一定的进展.在系统总结和归纳黄海陆架锋相关研究成果的基础上,阐述了陆架锋的生态效应和生态功能,并对今后黄海陆架锋区研究的着力点进行了分析,提出通过开展锋区生态系以及锋区生态系统动力学等方面的研究,有希望成为海洋生态学中新的生长点,同时也为黄海海洋生态学的研究提供新课题.     

松南西斜坡前缘带青山口组层序界面识别及特征研究

在前人研究的基础上,应用高分辨层序地层学理论与研究方法,对松辽盆地南部西斜坡地区的青山口组地层进行了层序地层划分与对比工作,从中识别出6个具等时意义的层序界面,将其划分为5个中期基准面旋回(4级层序)。建立了层序界面的岩心识别标志,即旋回叠加样式的变化面、岩性突变面—冲刷面、相类型的变化面和暴露剥蚀面,在测井曲线上,层序界面位于测井曲线幅度发生明显变化或曲线组合型式的转换处,在研究区地震剖面上的层序界面识别标志(超削反射终止特征)不明显。根据层序划分和层序界面的识别标志,把4级层序界面划分为不整合面、沉积作用转换面和顶超面,并对层序界面特征进行了详细研究。确定了研究层段湖泛面包括三角洲体系—湖泛面、深水湖—浊积体系—湖泛面和河流体系—洪泛面3种类型。层序界面和湖泛面的识别和确定,对于研究区高分辨率层序地层格架的建立和对储层分布规律的研究与预测具有重要意义。     

Longevity and progressive abandonment of the Rocky Flats surface, Front Range, Colorado

The post-orogenic evolution of the Laramide landscape of the western U.S. has been characterized by late Cenozoic channel incision of basins and their adjacent ranges. One means of constraining the incision history of basins is dating the remnants of gravel-capped surfaces above modern streams. Here, we focus on an extensive remnant of the Rocky Flats surface between Golden and Boulder, Colorado, and use in situ-produced ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al concentrations in terrace alluvium to constrain the Quaternary history of this surface. Coal and Ralston Creeks, both tributaries of the South Platte River, abandoned the Rocky Flats surface and formed the Verdos and Slocum pediments, which are cut into Cretaceous bedrock between Rocky Flats and the modern stream elevations. Rocky Flats alluvium ranges widely in age, from > 2 Ma to  400 ka, with oldest ages to the east and younger ages closer to the mountain front. Numerical modeling of isotope concentration depth profiles suggests that individual sites have experienced multiple resurfacing events. Preliminary results indicate that Verdos and Slocum alluvium along Ralston Creek, which is slightly larger than Coal Creek, is several hundred thousand years old. Fluvial incision into these surfaces appears therefore to progress headward in response to downcutting of the South Platte River. The complex ages of these surfaces call into question any correlation of such surfaces based solely on their elevation above the modern channel.     

陕西中南部一次秋季连阴雨中区域性暴雨的成因分析

利用常规高低空气象观测资料、探空资料和FY-2C红外云图,对2011年9月16-18日陕西中南部一次秋季连阴雨中区域性暴雨过程进行了分析,结果表明,暴雨发生在500hPa稳定的东高西低形势下,西西伯利亚阻塞高压和副热带高压强度偏强,持续强劲的东路冷空气和西南暖湿气流为区域性暴雨天气提供了有利的环流背景;高、低空急流是暴雨产生的主要影响系统。暴雨系统的层结特征与夏季暴雨相比有明显的差异,即暴雨发生在大气层结稳定的状态下;卫星云图显示,暴雨云系主要以中低云为主,云顶亮温一般最低为-43℃;低层东路的冷空气对暴雨的作用远远超过中空冷空气;低层锋区附近的强水汽辐合是秋季区域性暴雨产生的主要机制。     

科尔沁右翼前旗刘店沟银矿地质特征及成矿规律

通过成矿地质条件分析,内蒙古自治区科尔沁右翼前旗刘店沟矿床的形成与晚侏罗世陆相中酸性火山岩及早白垩世黑云母花岗闪长斑岩、黄铁矿化花岗闪长斑岩关系十分密切,北东、北西向构造为区内主要的控矿构造,北东向构造为导矿构造、北西向构造为容矿构造,因此,地层、岩浆岩、构造“三位一体”控矿为本区控矿规律。成矿时代为早白垩世晚期。成因类型为岩浆热液型。     

Surface and subsurface water contributions to streamflow from a mesoscale watershed in complex mountain terrain

An understanding of surface and subsurface water contributions to streamflow is essential for accurate predictions of water supply from mountain watersheds that often serve as water towers for downstream communities. As such, this study used the end‐member mixing analysis technique to investigate source water contributions and hydrologic flow paths of the 264 km² Boulder Creek Watershed, which drains the Colorado Front Range, USA. Four conservative hydrochemical tracers were used to describe this watershed as a 3 end‐member system, and tracer concentration reconstruction suggested that the application of end‐member mixing analysis was robust. On average from 2009 to 2011, snowmelt and rainwater from the subalpine zone and groundwater sampled from the upper montane zone contributed 54%, 22%, and 24% of the annual streamflow, respectively. These values demonstrate increased rainwater and decreased snow water contributions to streamflow relative to area‐weighted mean values derived from previous work at the headwater scale. Young water (2.3 ± 0.8 months) fractions of streamflow decreased from 18–22% in the alpine catchment to 8–10% in the lower elevation catchments and the watershed outlet with implications for subsurface storage and hydrological connectivity. These results contribute to a process‐based understanding of the seasonal source water composition of a mesoscale watershed that can be used to extrapolate headwater streamflow generation predictions to larger spatial scales.     

西-亚北极锋季节及年际特征分析

基于1982-2016年的OISST资料分析了西-亚北极锋(The Western Subarctic front,WSAF;37°N-45°N,146°E-152°E)强度与位置的季节及年际变化特征,结果表明:冬季WSAF强度最大,平均位置最靠南;夏季WSAF强度最小,平均位置最靠北;春秋两季WSAF强度、平均位置相当,位于冬夏之间;1982-2016年,WSAF强度逐渐增强,分布位置逐渐缓慢南移;各季节WSAF强度最大值稳定位于149°E附近,WSAF平均位置自西向东不断北移。在此基础上,分析了不同季节WSAF强度与黑潮-亲潮交汇区(The Kuroshio-Oyashio Confluence Region,KOCR)内水体性质的关系:KOCR内黑潮水特征显著时WSAF强度小,黑潮水特征不显著时WSAF强度大;利用EOF分析探寻了WSAF强度年际变化与KOCR内海温的关系:不同季节内WSAF年际变化与KOCR内海温相关性不显著,春、夏、秋季,随着KOCR内海温升高,WSAF强度减弱,而冬季WSAF强度随KOCR内海温升高而增强。     

Vertical structure of low-level atmosphere over the south- east Indian Ocean fronts

During the 25th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, GPS radiosondes were launched to detect the atmos- pheric vertical structure over the southeast Indian Ocean frontal region. Some low-level characteristics along the cruise are studied based on in-situ observation. The observations reveal that vertical distributions of the low-level wind field and air temperature field on both sides of the Subantarctic Front are very different. A stronger （weaker） vertical gradient is on the cold （warm） side, which demonstrates that the mid-latitude ocean-atmosphere interaction is active in the southeast Indian Ocean frontal region. A low-level jet is observed over the Subantarctic Front, with speed up to 14 m＇s-1. For the Antarctic polar front, low-level wind speed near the sea surface is greater than that aloft, in contrast with the situation of the Subantarctic Front. Comparing satellite remote sensing data and widely-used reanalysis datasets with our in-situ observations, differences of varying magnitudes are found. Air temperature from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder （AIRS） data has a limited difference. The European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts Interim Re-Analysis （ERA Interim） dataset is much more consistent with the observations than the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP/NCAR） Reanalysis 1 in the southeast Indian Ocean frontal region.