1980—2015年夏季南大洋亚南极锋和极地锋的长期变化研究

本文利用再分析月均海洋温盐数据,分别采用基于物理现象和固定温盐量值的锋面识别标准,探究1980—2015年夏季(1—3月)亚南极锋(Subantarctic Front,SAF)和极地锋(Polar Front,PF)的变化特征。对此时段的长期变化,两类标准给出了基本一致的结果。在绕极平均意义上,SAF和PF的位置虽然存在南北向摆动,但是在1980—2015年并没有显著的长期移动趋势。在整个空间场上,锋面的位移幅度、稳定性和长期移动趋势均有明显的区域差异性,在经过大的地形障碍区时,锋面较稳定,位移幅度较小,而在深海盆区和脱离地形约束的下游,锋面稳定性较低,且经向位移幅度较大。SAF和PF稳定性最高、长期移动趋势最小的区域分别位于印度洋扇区和大西洋扇区。SAF在太平洋扇区的东部海盆区有较显著的长期移动趋势,且南北向位移均存在,PF在印度洋扇区以向极移动为主。在年代和年际尺度上,两类标准给出的结果存在一定的差异,进而分别对两类识别标准的适用性进行了讨论。对于PF来说,温度现象类标准总体上稳定性更高,优于等温线标准。     

一次深冬冰雹天气过程的成因分析

2002年12月18～19日,厦门市出现了1次连续性冰雹过程,在历史上实属罕见.以厦门探空资料分析为主,结合形势分析,对其成因进行了初步探讨.结果发现,此次冰雹天气过程发生的主要外部条件,是大尺度的温度、气压、流场的水平结构与垂直配置所形成的湿斜压不稳定形势;主要的内在条件,是雹区上空气层有“上干冷、下温湿“的不稳定层结和强盛的风速垂直切变的形成与维持.     

The Kuroshio Extension Front from satellite sea surface temperature measurements

The position and strength of the surface Kuroshio Extension Front (KEF), defined as the sea surface temperature (SST) gradient maximum adjacent to the Kuroshio Extension (KE) axis (approximated by a specific SSH contour consistently located at, or near, the maximum of the SSH gradient magnitude), have been studied using weekly, microwave SST measurements from the later 1997 to early 2008. The mean KEF meanders twice around ∼36°N between the east coast of Japan and 153°E. It then migrates southeast to ∼34°N, just before reaching the Shatsky Rise (∼158°E), then progresses mostly eastward. Spatially, the KEF is strongest near the Japan coast, while it is seasonally strongest in winter and weakest in summer. Low-frequency variations of its strength, most notably in its upstream region, can be related to the known bimodal states of the KE. During 2003–2005, when the KE was in its stable state, the winter KEF SST gradient exceeded 10°C/100 km.