三峡水库蓄水前后长江中下游流量频率分布特征及其对洪水造床作用的影响

三峡水库蓄水前后长江中下游流量特征变化及其对造床作用的影响一直受到学者的关注.采用枝城等6个水文站日均流量资料,分别统计了各站流量的经验频率分布,检验了8种概率密度函数的适用性,并讨论了三峡水库蓄水前后流量频率分布特征与造床流量的关系.研究表明:长江中下游干流洪中枯各级流量的频率分布具有分段特性,无法用皮尔逊Ⅲ型或对数...     

云南省鹤庆盆地2.78Ma以来的环境演化

通过构建于新沂河河漫滩上的表面流人工温地系统处理污染河水的现场中试研究表明,在CODMn和NH4 -N进水浓度分别为11．69-60．00 mg／L和1．37-20．18 mg／L时,种植千屈菜、美人蕉、香蒲、水葱4种不同植物的表面流人工湿地系统,对CODMn的平均去除效率分别为26．44％、40．12％、46．71％、28．23％,对NH4 -N的平均去除效率分别为64．27％、70．49％、66．78％、58．52％,其中香蒲和美人蕉的净化能力较强．4种植物中水葱的耐淹能力最强,在完全淹水达22 d以上时,水葱依然生长良好;千屈菜的耐淹能力最弱,在完全淹水7 d后就开始枯萎,淹水17 d后地上、地下部分全部死亡．     

The effect of microporosity on transport properties in porous media

Sizeable amounts of connected microporosity with various origins can have a profound effect on important petrophysical properties of a porous medium such as (absolute/relative) permeability and capillary pressure relationships. We construct pore-throat networks that incorporate both intergranular porosity and microporosity. The latter originates from two separate mechanisms: partial dissolution of grains and pore fillings (e.g. clay). We then use the reconstructed network models to estimate the medium flow properties. In this work, we develop unique network construction algorithms and simulate capillary pressure–saturation and relative permeability–saturation curves for cases with inhomogeneous distributions of pores and micropores. Furthermore, we provide a modeling framework for variable amounts of cement and connectivity of the intergranular porosity and quantifying the conditions under which microporosity dominates transport properties. In the extreme case of a disconnected inter-granular network due to cementation a range of saturations within which neither fluid phase is capable of flowing emerges. To our knowledge, this is the first flexible pore scale model, from first principles, to successfully approach this behavior observed in tight reservoirs.     

Study on changes in bed characteristics and friction factor in the presence of wash load in suspension

Results of an experimental study on the effects of different concentrations of wash load on the size of bed features and resistance to flow in a laboratory flume are presented. The experiments were carried out under different hydraulic conditions in a 30 m long, 0.204 m wide and 0.5 m deep tilting flume under clear water condition and in the presence of different concentration of wash load in the flow. The bed material used consisted of uniform sediment of size 0.96 mm. Analysis of the data indicates that the characteristics of the bed features change and friction factor increases in the presence of different concentration of wash load in the flow. The reasons for changes in the characteristics of the bed features and increase in friction factor in the presence of wash load are identified and a relationship for predicting friction factor in the presence of wash load has been established.     

Research on Migration Features of Ammonia-Nitrogen in Shallow Groundwater of Coastal Area of Tangshan Fengnan

The ammonia-nitrogen in shallow groundwater of coastal area of Tangshan Fengnan exceeds the content limit at varying degrees. To analyze the the migration features of ammonia-nitrogen in the groundwater, a two-dimensional groundwater flow and quality model has been established on the basis of investigation and analysis of hydeogeological conditions in this region. Ammonia-nitrogen in the first aquifer groundwater migrates slowly and is difficult to diffuse during the migration process for the low exploitation, the small hydraulic gradient, the relatively fine aquier rock particles and poor permeability of the aquifer     

2D NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOOD AND FLUVIAL PROCESS IN THE MEANDERING AND ISLAND-BRAIDED MIDDLE YANGTZE RIVER

The characteristics of water flow and sediment transport in a typical meandering and island-braided reach of the middle Yangtze River is investigated using a two-dimensional （2D） mathematical model. The major problems studied in the paper include the carrying capacity for suspended load, the incipient velocity and transport formula of non-uniform sediment, the thickness of the mixed layer on the riverbed, and the partitioning of bed load and suspended load. The model parameters are calibrated using extensive field data. Water surface profiles, distribution of flow velocities, riverbed deformation are verified with site measurements. The model is applied to a meandering and island-braided section of the Wakouzi-Majiazui reach in the middle Yangtze River, which is about 200 km downstream from the Three Gorges Dam, to study the training scheme of the navigation channels. The model predicts the processes of sediment deposition and fiver bed erosion, changes of flow stage and navigation conditions for the first 20 years of impoundment of the Three Gorges Project.     

两种北极微型浮游植物的荧光差异性分析

为了利用荧光技术对北极浮游植物的生理生态信息进行系统研究, 本文以实验室培养条件下的两种北冰洋微型浮游植物——柔弱伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima)和海链藻(Thalassiosira sp.)为研究对象, 先采用流式细胞术(Flow Cytometry, FCM)和全荧光光谱法对其活体中色素的静态荧光进行测量, 后利用脉冲调制方法(Pulsed Amplitude Modulation, PAM)对其叶绿素动态荧光信息进行测定, 对两种浮游植物的三类荧光信息进行综合比较分析, 结果表明: 柔弱伪菱形藻的丰度、基础荧光(F0)、光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)光化学的有效量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)及光合电子传递效率(ETR)分别为22×105cell/mL、844、0.247和42.8, 皆高于海链藻的相应值(8×105cell/mL、464、0.185及33.0); 静态荧光和基础荧光分析表明柔弱伪菱形藻细胞内叶绿素a (chl a)含量较高; 海链藻细胞内则具有较高含量的类胡萝卜素, 其对光保护机制依赖性较强。本文初步展示了三类荧光分析法在极地微型浮游植物生理生态研究方面的联合应用。     

不同海域SSTA对东半球越赤道气流年代际变化影响的数值模拟研究

采用1950—2000年逐月观测的不同海域（全球、热带外、热带、热带印度洋-太平洋及热带太平洋）海表温度,分别驱动NCAR CAM3全球大气环流模式,进行了多组长时间积分试验,对比ERA-40再分析资料,讨论了这些海域海表温度异常（SSTA）对东半球越赤道气流年代际变化的影响。数值试验结果表明,全球、热带、热带印度洋-太平洋及热带太平洋海表温度变化分别驱动NCAR CAM3全球大气环流模式,均能模拟出索马里、120 ?E和150 ?E越赤道气流在1970年代中后期由弱变强的年代际变化特征,其中模拟的索马里越赤道气流年代际变化特征及其与东亚夏季风年代际变化关系均与观测结果较一致,而热带外海表温度驱动全球大气环流模式未能模拟出此年代际变化现象,表明全球、热带、热带印度洋-太平洋及热带太平洋海表温度变化均对索马里越赤道气流在1970年代中后期的年代际变化具有重要作用,热带太平洋是关键海区;索马里越赤道气流的年代际变化与热带太平洋海温年代际背景变化密切相关,当热带太平洋处于暖（冷）背景年代,热带东太平洋海温异常从北到南呈“＋、－、＋”（“－、＋、－”）“三明治”式距平分布,有利于赤道东太平洋南北两侧产生一对距平反气旋（气旋）,然后可能通过“大气桥”的作用,与热带印度洋赤道南北两侧的一对距平气旋（反气旋）联系起来,从而引起索马里越赤道气流强度的增强（减弱）。      

基于GIS的兰州滑坡与泥石流灾害危险性分析

频繁发生的灾害愈来愈对人类社会造成巨大影响, 遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统和网络技术日益在减灾行动中发挥重要的作用. 兰州区域地质岩性、构造断裂、地震活动带、地表侵蚀强烈和地形起伏破碎等因素造成了兰州滑坡与泥石流灾害的发育, 夏季暴雨、人类工程活动等诱发下灾害频繁, 风险加剧. 针对兰州地区滑坡与泥石流等山地灾害对区域社会经济的影响, 通过建立区域滑坡与泥石流灾害的空间数据库, 在GIS技术辅助下实现了专家经验模型和Logistic模型对滑坡与泥石流灾害危险性的预测, 其中滑坡Logistic模型准确性达到85.3%, 专家经验模型准确性达到74.2%; 泥石流Logistic危险性预模型准确性达到80.5%, 专家经验模型准确性达到90.5%. 随着研究的深入, 综合遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统和网络技术的灾害研究与应用将在灾害防治中发挥重要的作用.     

碳酸锂生产工艺的研究进展

简要介绍了碳酸锂的几种不同用途。详细阐述了以锂辉石、盐湖卤水、海水为原料提取碳酸锂的几种不同的生产工艺和工艺特点,并分析了各工艺的优缺点。指出了在简化工艺、降低成本生产碳酸锂的同时要兼顾盐湖资源综合利用和环境保护是今后研究开发的方向