氡气勘查地球化学技术的研究与应用--氡气地球化学特性、方法原理、异常模式

从氧的地球化特性、氧气测量方法的原理、氧的地球化学晕的形成机理及氧气异常模式的确立等方面，阐述了氧气勘查地球化学技术在油气勘查应用研究中的概况。认为该技术在方法、原理及应用效果等方面的研究已日趋成熟，应用该项技术，在油气藏上方的土壤或岩石中，已查明氧气呈环状晕圈特征，并且，这一规律被反复得到证实和公认，可进一步在油气勘查领域推广应用。     

Heat capacity of γ-Fe2SiO4 between 5 and 303 K and derived thermodynamic properties

A multi-anvil device was used to synthesize 24 mg of pure γ-Fe₂SiO₄ crystals at 8.5 GPa and 1,273 K. The low-temperature heat capacity (C _p) of γ-Fe₂SiO₄ was measured between 5 and 303 K using the heat capacity option of a physical properties measurement system. The measured heat capacity data show a broad λ-transition at 11.8 K. The difference in the C _p between fayalite and γ-Fe₂SiO₄ is reduced as the temperature increases in the range of 50–300 K. The gap in C _p data between 300 and 350 K of γ-Fe₂SiO₄ is an impediment to calculation of a precise C _p equation above 298 K that can be used for phase equilibrium calculations at high temperatures and high pressures. The C _p and entropy of γ-Fe₂SiO₄ at standard temperature and pressure (S°₂₉₈) are 131.1 ± 0.6 and 140.2 ± 0.4 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹, respectively. The Gibbs free energy at standard pressure and temperature (ΔG° _f,298) is calculated to be −1,369.3 ± 2.7 J mol⁻¹ based on the new entropy data. The phase boundary for the fayalite–γ-Fe₂SiO₄ transition at 298 K based on current thermodynamic data is located at 2.4 ± 0.6 GPa with a slope of 25.4 bars/K, consistent with extrapolated results of previous experimental studies.     

Bayesian data fusion in a spatial prediction context: a general formulation

In spite of the exponential growth in the amount of data that one may expect to provide greater modeling and predictions opportunities, the number and diversity of sources over which this information is fragmented is growing at an even faster rate. As a consequence, there is real need for methods that aim at reconciling them inside an epistemically sound theoretical framework. In a statistical spatial prediction framework, classical methods are based on a multivariate approach of the problem, at the price of strong modeling hypotheses. Though new avenues have been recently opened by focusing on the integration of uncertain data sources, to the best of our knowledges there have been no systematic attemps to explicitly account for information redundancy through a data fusion procedure. Starting from the simple concept of measurement errors, this paper proposes an approach for integrating multiple information processing as a part of the prediction process itself through a Bayesian approach. A general formulation is first proposed for deriving the prediction distribution of a continuous variable of interest at unsampled locations using on more or less uncertain (soft) information at neighboring locations. The case of multiple information is then considered, with a Bayesian solution to the problem of fusing multiple information that are provided as separate conditional probability distributions. Well-known methods and results are derived as limit cases. The convenient hypothesis of conditional independence is discussed by the light of information theory and maximum entropy principle, and a methodology is suggested for the optimal selection of the most informative subset of information, if needed. Based on a synthetic case study, an application of the methodology is presented and discussed.     

Entropy‐based equation to assess hillslope sediment production

A new equation to assess hillslope sediment production, based on physical and probabilistic approaches, is presented. The equation, which allows the computation of the delivery ratio for every event, considers the physical variables of travel distance, stream power, settling velocity and gross erosion. The probability density function that arises from the new formulation is solved using the principle of maximum entropy. Based on data from five watersheds in both tropical and temperate zones, the new delivery parameter K_v is calibrated and associated with vegetation cover and conservation practice. The proposed equation is rationally based in relation to parameter K_v. The entropy‐based equation was applied to assess sediment yield in two other experimental watersheds, showing good predictability for the set (mean absolute error of 20·8%). No systematic error was found in the analysed data. The entropy‐based equation showed good predictability for long‐term sets of data and for high‐erosivity events, but did not perform well for the low‐erosivity ones. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于MEM1谱分析的水文时间序列隐含周期特性研究

水文时间序列的隐含周期(本文将简单周期、复合周期及近似周期等统称为隐含周期)的识别、判定是一个重要而又较为困难的问题,相对成熟和有效的做法是对其进行频谱分析。建立在最大熵原理(POME)基础之上的MEM1谱分析,克服了传统谱分析方法的诸多不足,具有频谱光滑、分辨率高等独特优势。为此,以黄河花园口(秦厂)测站年径流系列、月径流系列和年最大洪峰流量序列隐含周期特性的研究为例,探讨了MEM1谱分析在水文时间序列隐含周期特性中的应用。     

基于二面投影原理的单张像片的连续制图

考虑利用卫星像片进行制图问题，对于需要两张或更多张卫片才能覆盖的地区进行连续制图时，需要研究多张卫片的图像镶嵌问题，利用二面投影原理对卫片原的镶嵌问题进行了研究，主要考虑两张相邻卫片的几何配准问题。     

DJM10湿度检定箱加湿不能自控的原因浅析

详细介绍了新型湿度检定箱内部气路原理及升降湿外围控制原理，并给出故障检修实例 ,供设备检定人员在维修工作中参考。     

粘弹性介质中的地震波

给出了三元件的标准线性粘弹性固体在半平面内传播的地震波的解析解，它是由已知的弹性半平面内的解析解迭粘滞性解而得，从而克服了视地壳为二元件粘弹性体的Voigt模型或Maxell模型的缺点。     

热带和热带外海表温度异常与低空环流特征比较

利用旋转主分量方法（ＲＰＣ），在对西太平洋和印度洋１９８０年１月至１９８８年９月共１０５个月的月平均海表温度（ＳＳＴ）进行分析的基础上，提取热带模及高纬模两种ＳＳＴ异常（ＳＳＴＡ）分布。再通过分析同期８５０ｈＰａ，各气象要素在该两模上的投影，比较低层大气与不同纬度上ＳＳＴＡ相联系的异常特征。结果表明，无论是热带还是热带外地区，暖性ＳＳＴＡ上空均有正的水汽异常及平均流场对月平均水汽输送的异常辐合。两地区ＳＳＴＡ上空８５０ｈＰａ月平均异常的最重要差异表现在流场、高度场及温度场上。热带正ＳＳＴＡ上方８５０ｈＰａ位势高度及温度均为负距平，流场呈Ｇｉｌｌ型的气旋式异常环流。热带外正ＳＳＴＡ上方８５０ｈＰａ高度及温度均为正距平，流场则呈反气旋式异常环流。分析表明，高纬度的这种异常特征主要是由于中高纬度大气的地转性和斜压性较强所致。     

ALow-order Model of Two-dimensional Fluid Dynamics on the Surface of a Sphere

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