Studies on immunodiagnosis of hepatopancreatic parvo-like virus disease of the Chinese penaeid,Penaeus Chinensis I. Purification of the virus

The viral discase of penaeids is indistinet but highly dangerous because their symptoms are often masked by some secondary ones. In order to gain knowledge on how to prevent the occurrence and spread of this viral disease, diagnostic studies on the early phase of the hepatopancreatic parvo-like viral (HPV) disease of culturedPenaeus chinensis was conducted using ummuno-serological techniques. The purification of HPV was successfully done by density gradient ultracentrifugation of cane sugar.     

Site-specific prediction of West Nile virus mosquito abundance in Greater Toronto Area using generalized linear mixed models

Mosquito surveillance programs provide a primary means of understanding mosquito vector population dynamics for the risk assessment of human exposure to West Nile virus (WNv). The lack of spatial coverage and missing observations in mosquito surveillance data often challenge our efforts to predict this vector-borne disease and implement control measures. We developed a WNv mosquito abundance prediction model in which local meteorological and environmental data were synthesized with entomological data in a generalized linear mixed modeling framework. The discrete nature of mosquito surveillance data is accommodated by a Poisson distributional assumption, and the site-specific random effects of the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) capture any fluctuation unexplained by a general trend. The proposed Poisson GLMMs efficiently account for the nested structure of mosquito surveillance data and incorporate the temporal correlation between observations obtained at each trap by a first-order autoregressive model. In the case study, Bayesian inference of the proposed models is illustrated using a subset of mosquito surveillance data in the Greater Toronto Area. The relevance of the proposed GLMM tailored to WNv mosquito surveillance data is highlighted by the comparison of model performance in the presence of inevitable but quantifiable uncertainties.     

香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)致病性类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides)的分离与生化药敏鉴定*

香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)是名贵洄游性鱼类,由于高密度养殖等因素导致病害频发。类志贺邻单胞菌广泛存在于养殖水环境中,给香鱼养殖业造成严重经济损失。对患体表溃疡病的香鱼进行病原分离和鉴定,从患病鱼体表和肠道组织中分离到一株优势菌(NH21),其菌落低突,边缘光滑,表面湿润。革兰氏染色结果显示NH21为革兰氏阴性菌,菌形态为短杆状,端圆。经生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定为类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides)。回归感染后,香鱼呈现与发病鱼相似的症状,皮肤、肌肉溃烂并伴有周围皮肤充血,组织切片可观察到病鱼肌纤维断裂,周围红细胞、炎性细胞浸润;鳃丝和鳃小片中红细胞增多;肝细胞核呈空泡,部分细胞核染色质边集;脾脏内包细胞增多,红细胞呈梭形;肠黏膜上皮细胞脱落。经计算其半致死量LD50为1.99×10⁷ CFU/mL。25种抗生素的药敏试验显示NH21菌株对阿奇霉素、头孢氨苄、新生霉素、多粘菌素B、头孢西丁、呋喃唑酮6种抗生素敏感。检出NH21菌株毒力基因9个,耐药基因8个。综合分析表明,分离菌株NH21为类志贺邻单胞菌属,是本次香鱼体表溃烂病病原菌,研究结果为香鱼出现类似病症的预防和治疗提供了基础资料。     

Airborne Microorganisms Emitted from Wastewater Treatment Plant Treating Domestic Wastewater and Meat Processing Industry Wastes

Experiments were conducted to study the airborne microbial contamination generated by a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Aerosol samples were collected simultaneously, by sedimentation and impact methods, from the area and the surroundings of the WWTP. Total colony forming units (CFUs) of heterotrophic bacteria (HPC), as well as members of the Enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci, enterococci, actinomycetes, and microscopic fungi were determined. Bacterial (HPC) concentrations ranged between 10¹ and 10⁴ CFU/m³, fungi 0 and 10⁴ CFU/m³. Higher numbers of HPC bacteria in air samples were observed in summer, fungi in autumn. The main emission of microorganisms to atmospheric air was from the mechanical sewage treatment devices of the WWTP. The facilities of the biological sewage treatment of the plant did not generate large amounts of bioaerosols. In the air obtained from the premises of the WWTP, 25 species of the Enterobacteriaceae were isolated (Salmonella spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli). At the fence and in the surroundings only Pantoea spp. were identified. This suggests that the sewage bacteria were mainly discharged in the area of the WWTP. The presence of enteric bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae reflects the level of air pollution with bioaerosols from sewage and is an important factor during monitoring the quality of the air around WWTPs.     

对虾白斑综合症病毒vp15基因的RNA干扰研究

VP15是对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)的一种核衣壳蛋白,以往的研究表明VP15属DNA结合蛋白,具有潜在的浓缩包装病毒基因组的功能.利用RNAi技术将vp15基因沉默,来研究vp15基因沉默后对WSSV增殖及结构的影响.体外合成了vp15基因的特异双链RNA(vp15-dsRNA)和非特异双链RNA(gfp-dsRNA),分别与WSSV混合共注射淡水原克氏螯虾.在感染后24、36、48 h,每个实验组分别取病虾步足肌肉,样品用Trizol试剂盒提取RNA用于RT-PCR检测、用病毒检测试剂盒提取DNA模板用于荧光定量PCR分析.另外每组随机选取1只虾,取中肠,用于树脂包埋组织超薄切片分析.逆转录PCR分析结果显示vp15-dsRNA能特异性敲除vp15基因转录表达,实时荧光定量PCR分析结果显示vp15-dsRNA干扰vp15基因的表达能有效抑制WSSV病毒粒子的增值.此外,利用树脂包埋组织超薄切片电子显微镜技术观察发现vp15基因被干扰后病毒粒子数量上明显降低并且引起病毒粒子包装异常.通过vp15基因特异dsRNA干扰,有效抑制了WSSV病毒增殖,此外进一步阐明VP15蛋白的功能及其在病毒组装方面的重要作用,对进一步了解病毒组装以及病毒防治具有重要的意义.     

Structure and anti-influenza A (H1N1) virus activity of three polysaccharides from Eucheuma denticulatum

Three polysaccharides(EW,EH and EA) were prepared from a red alga Eucheuma denticulatum by sequential extraction with cold water,hot water and sodium hydroxide water solution.Their monosaccharide compositions,relative molecular mass and structural characterization were determined by gas chromatography,high performance 1iquid chromatography,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods.EW was hybrid ι/κ/ν-carrageenan(70 ι/17κ/13ν-carrabiose),EH was mainly ι-carrageenan,and EA was mainly α-1,4-Glucan(88%) but mixed with small amount of ι-carrageenan(12%).The relative molecular mass of EW,EH and EA was 480,580 and 510 kDa,respectively.The anti-influenza A(H1N1) virus activity of these three polysaccharides was evaluated using the Madin-Darby canine kidney cells model.EW showed good anti-H1N1 virus activity,its IC 50 was 276.5 μg mL-1,and the inhibition rate to H1N1 virus was 52% when its concentration was 250 μg mL-1.The IC 50 of ι-carrageenan EH was 366.4 μg mL-1,whereas EA showed lower anti-H1N1 virus activity(IC 50 >430 μg mL-1).Available data obtained give positive evidence that the hybrid carrageenan EW from Eucheuma denticulatum can be used as potential anti-H1N1 virus inhibitor in future.     

海洋沉积物病毒荧光计数法的优化

病毒在海洋生态系统的物质循环和能流中起着重要作用,对其进行有效定量是研究其数量变动和生态功能的前提。现行的海洋沉积物病毒定量主要采用荧光染色计数法,但对技术流程中一些处理方法的定量效能尚待验证。本研究利用不同类型海洋沉积物对荧光计数法进行了效能评估和条件优化。结果表明:将沉积物采样后染色封片直接计数或-20°C保存为最佳,保存3个月后未见丰度降低。而不同类型的沉积物经液氮闪冻后于-80°C冷冻保存后的定量效能不同:沙质沉积物保存1个月后病毒丰度下降1个数量级;泥沙质沉积物保存1个月后丰度降低了约27%,2个月后则下降了60%。对焦磷酸钠最优终浓度实验结果显示,使用3mmol/L终浓度获得的病毒计数定量效能优于目前普遍使用的5mmol/L终浓度。水浴超声分离在常温下的定量效果更优,在水浴中添加冰块导致获取的沙质沉积物中的病毒丰度下降约37%。研究发现:处理中用稀释替代离心不仅可降低沉积物颗粒的干扰,而且定量效能更高;离心处理获取的沙质和泥沙质沉积物中的病毒丰度较稀释处理低约40%。对海洋沉积物中原核生物的定量效能与病毒有相似的结果。据此,本文提出了改进的沉积物病毒荧光计数法的操作流程。     

AM真菌对干旱区7种珍稀濒危植物引种培育的影响研究

为了探讨AM真菌对干旱区珍稀濒危植物引种过程中的成活、生长保育的影响研究,在盆栽条件下,选取具有代表性的7个珍稀濒临灭绝植物物种,在引种过程中定向接种AM真菌,通过分析植株的生长状况及AM真菌的侵染率,初步筛选在干旱区珍稀濒危植物引种过程中,具有应用价值的AM真菌与植物最佳共生模式。结果表明：7种濒危植物与AM真菌能形成共生关系,但植物与菌种间侵染率存在显著差异。既形成了良好的共生关系又能促进濒危植物生长的最佳组合有：AM真菌F.mosseae与白麻或乌拉尔甘草或蒙古莸的共生,真菌D.eburnea与新疆沙冬青的共生、真菌C.claroideum或F.mosseae与中麻黄的共生、真菌C.lamellosum与胀果甘草的共生、真菌C.etunicatum与蒙古沙冬青的共生。表明濒危植物与AM真菌之间存在一定的生态适用性选择关系,而且在利用AM真菌对濒危植物引种繁育时,必须要考虑他们间的生态适用性关系,才能充分发挥AM真菌的功能。这对干旱区珍稀濒危植物的引种繁殖意义重大。     

桩基质量分析及动力检测方法研究

本文分析了两类常见的沉管灌注桩和人工挖孔灌注桩的工艺特点，桩基质量问题的产生原因及动力检测方法，同要准确地判断两类桩基质量问题，必须准确计算缺陷的位置，对桩基的工艺特点和施工过程有深刻的认识，对动力检测理论有透彻的理解。同时，对人工挖孔灌注桩动力检测的特殊性进行了专门分析。     

新疆地震局局域网用户的计算机和网络安全误区

随着计算机和网络的迅速发展，计算机和网络用户日益普及，广大计算机和网络用户随时关注着计算机和网络的安全问题，这也是网络维护人员和网络用户面临的新的挑战。本文主要对新疆地震局局域网用户在计算机和网络安全方面的认识和安全防范措施进行探讨。