新疆境内塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂早侏罗世走滑的古地震证据

在野外考察过程中,于新疆乌恰地区早侏罗世康苏组沼泽相砂岩层中,发现并识别出软沉积物液化变形层,变形包括负载构造,球-枕构造及卷曲变形构造。通过模拟试验的对比研究认为,该软沉积物变形机制与液化作用有关,触发沉积物液化的动力是古地震,并且根据地震震级与液化最大震中距的关系,推测出造成早侏罗世软沉积物变形的里氏地震震级为6相似文献   

The Early Permian Woniusi Flood Basalts from the Baoshan Terrane, SW China: Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Implications

The Woniusi flood basalts from the Baoshan terrane, SW China, represent a significant eruption of volcanic rocks which were linked to the Late Paleozoic rifting of the Cimmeria from the northern margin of East Gondwana. However, the precise mechanism for the formation and propagation of the rifting is still in debate. Here we report ⁴⁰ Ar/³⁹ Ar dating, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes for the Woniusi basalts from the Baoshan terrane of SW China, with the aim o...     

A late Early Pleistocene pollen record from Fontana Ranuccio (central Italy)

A pollen record from a sediment core drilled underneath the Acheulian site of Fontana Ranuccio provides new data on the vegetation characters in central Italy during the late Early Pleistocene, in a forest phase possibly corresponding to a substage of Marine Isotope Stage 21. A number of tree taxa nowadays extinct in Europe (Cathaya, Tsuga, Taxodium type, Carya and Pterocarya) are present at Fontana Ranuccio in a temperate phase characterised by dense forest conditions, dominated by Alnus and Pterocarya. The comparison of the Fontana Ranuccio record with other dated sites distributed along the Italian peninsula indicates that the floristic and vegetational characters of the Mid Pleistocene revolution present a rather distinct succession of biostratigraphic events. Compared to other Early Pleistocene pollen records from southern Europe, the Italian Peninsula shows greater floristic similarities with the Eastern Mediterranean regions than with the Iberian Peninsula. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

全球早古生代造山带(Ⅲ):华南陆内造山

华南早古生代加里东期变形、岩浆、沉积等特征表现为陆内造山带特征。通过对加里东期角度不整合分布、褶皱、断裂逆冲极性等特征的分析,发现大明山、大瑶山地区EW轴向的寒武系褶皱不对称性和角度不整合空间上向北的拓展变新规律,指示晚寒武世—早奥陶世的由南向北推覆挤压可能是云开、滇—桂北越地块依次向北推挤的结果;从全球背景看,可能和华南陆块南部一些地块与冈瓦纳大陆北缘依次碰撞接触导致的远程陆内效应有关。然而,湘赣边境、桂北元宝山及越城岭地区的早古生代NE向褶皱不对称性指示向西拓展,这可能是由于华夏地块与扬子地块在晚奥陶世—早志留世沿郴州临武断裂陆内收缩挤压的结果,其全球背景可能和华南陆块顺时针旋转与冈瓦纳全面碰撞相关。总之,加里东期构造运动总体由南向北、由东向西渐新,变形强度由强到弱的特征,反映华南陆内碰撞造山事件的根本原因是其与冈瓦纳北缘碰撞的远程效应。450~420 Ma华南已经属于冈瓦纳北缘一部分。     

全球早古生代造山带(Ⅳ):板块重建与Carolina超大陆

古元古代与显生宙的板块构造特征和旋回演化过程具有明显区别,反映出地质记录为两种不同的板块构造体制。早古生代为这两个时期的过渡阶段,其构造过程研究与板块重建是地球板块构造旋回机制和周期分析的关键。本文采用综合集成的方法,在总结对比罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解以来全球早古生代主要碰撞造山带的地质事件基础上,分析早古生代碰撞造山带的演化特征,总结出与冈瓦纳大陆拼合、劳俄大陆拼合、古中华陆块群增生相关的7期碰撞-增生造山事件群:Brasiliano、东非、Kuunga、东亚与原特提斯洋和古亚洲洋演化相关的的加里东期造山事件、经典加里东造山、中欧加里东造山、Appalachian造山。再在这7期造山事件群基础上,结合古地磁、古生物、古地理等资料,重建了新元古代-早古生代末全球板块的拼合过程:罗迪尼亚超大陆从新元古代的~950 Ma开始经历了3个阶段裂解,此时存在泛大洋、莫桑比克洋和古太平洋3个大洋,随后615~560 Ma Iapetus洋打开,~560 Ma波罗的陆块与西冈瓦纳裂离导致狭窄的Ran洋打开;~540 Ma南半球Brasiliano、东非和Kuunga造山运动导致冈瓦纳大陆分阶段最终完成拼贴;~500 Ma冈瓦纳大陆北缘西段的微陆块群局部向北裂离,导致Rheic洋和Tornquist洋打开,并于~420 Ma随经典加里东造山带和中欧缝合带形成导致Iapetus洋闭合,此时斯瓦尔巴特和英国可能位于格陵兰地盾东南缘,同时冈瓦纳大陆北缘东段华北为代表的微陆块基本拼合在冈瓦纳大陆北缘;此外,虽然425 Ma西伯利亚板块有远离聚合了的劳俄大陆的趋势,但晚奥陶世-早泥盆世南美和北美板块靠近,北美板块与环冈瓦纳北缘西段的地体拼合碰撞。在大约400 Ma时,南、北美洲的混合生物群和古地理重建显示两者非常接近,因此,推测此时存在一个初始的逐步稳定的超大陆的可能,本文称为Carolina超大陆,因为Carolina造山带是这个超大陆最终拼合的地带。并据此判断超大陆旋回为7亿年。     

Metallogenic Mechanism and Tectonic Setting of Tungsten Mineralization in the Yangbishan Deposit in Northeastern China

The Yangbishan iron–tungsten deposit in the Shuangyashan area of Heilongjiang Province is located in the center of the Jiamusi Massif in northeastern China. The rare earth element and trace element compositions of the scheelite show that it formed in a reducing environment and inherited the rare earth element features of the ore-forming fluid. The geochemical characteristics of the gneissic granite associated with the tungsten mineralization show that the magma formed in this reducing environment and originated from the partial melting of metamorphosed shale that contained organic carbon and was enriched with tungsten. In addition, in situ Hf isotopic analysis of zircons from the gneissic granite indicates that they probably originated from the partial melting of a predominantly Paleo–Mesoproterozoic crustal source. According to LA-ICP-MS zircon dating, the Yangbishan orerelated gneissic granite has an Early Paleozoic crystallization age of 520.6 ± 2.8 Ma. This study, together with previous data, indicates that the massifs of northeastern China, including Erguna, Xing'an, Songliao, Jiamusi, and Khanka massifs, belonged to an orogenic belt that existed along the southern margin of the Siberian Craton during the late Pan-African period. The significant continental movements of this orogeny resulted in widespread magmatic activity in northeastern China from 530 Ma to 470 Ma under a tectonic setting that transitioned from compressional syn-collision to extensional postcollision.     

伊宁地块早石炭世球泡流纹岩的发现及地球化学特征

伊宁地块西段中部阿腾套山一带发现的球泡流纹岩,多数产于早石炭世海相无球泡流纹岩夹层中,整体呈层状、互层状,球泡通气孔顺层平行于流纹构造定向分布,推断是海相极浅水环境下的产物,因而具有精细指相意义。该球泡流纹岩与同期A型花岗岩类共生,属碱性岩类,SiO_2含量为69.18%~77.69%,K_2O大于4%,Al_2O_3为11.32%~16.24%,Ga/Al×10~4=2.1~7.8,∑REE=85.22×10~(-6)~348.8×10~(-6),(La/Yb)_N=6.7~14.8,相对富集轻稀土,δEu具明显负异常,稀土配分及大离子元素蛛网图均与A型花岗岩类地球化学特征总体相同。ε_(Hf)(t)均大于0(+12.5~+15.5),两阶段锆石Hf模式年龄大于锆石U-Pb年龄,表明源区可能为早古生代新生地壳物质部分熔融演化而来。A型球泡流纹岩与同期A型花岗岩类均形成于拉张构造环境,是区内早石炭世大哈拉军山组中迄今唯一发现的显示拉张构造环境的珍贵实例。为揭示和探讨伊宁地块总体处于汇聚大背景下的局部拉张环境,以及东窄西宽之楔形构造形态提供了可能。     

2017-2018年冬季黑龙江省气温异常成因分析

2017-2018年冬季全省平均气温为-19.7℃,较历年同期偏低2.2℃,为1981年以来的第3位,仅次于2000年和2012年。本文利用NCEP再分析资料,对2017-2018年黑龙江省冬季气温异常成因进行分析,结果表明大气环流的异常是造成黑龙江省冬季气温异常偏低的直接原因。东亚季风环流系统表现为:东亚冬季风强度偏强,西伯利亚高压偏强,500hPa东亚大槽异常偏深。分析下垫面外强迫因素,2017-2018年赤道中东太平洋出现拉尼娜事件,分析显示拉尼娜事件发生可能导致冬季风偏强,从而也是造成全省气温偏低的主要原因之一。