测绘资料档案管理及应用探析

介绍了河南省建国以来测绘成果资料的保管、分发与应用工作,讲述了测绘成果应用在国民经济建设中取得的成就。     

青海红土山滑坡工程的治理方案选择

概述了青海省省道S101线改建工程红土山段滑坡体的地形地貌及地层岩性，滑坡体变形特征以及变形原因分析；计算滑坡推力，并依据滑体推力计算值选择滑坡治理方案；对治理方案技术参数以及同类项目选择治理方案应注意的问题进行了描述。     

A high-resolution reconstruction of Storglaciären mass balance back to 1780/81 using tree-ring data and circulation indices

Storglaciären in northernmost Sweden has the world's longest ongoing continuous mass-balance record, starting in 1946. To extend this mass-balance record, we have reconstructed summer (b_S) and winter (b_W) mass balances separately back to the mass balance year 1780/81 with annual resolution. We used tree-ring data for b_S and a set of circulation indices, based on the sea-level pressure, for b_W. Both proxies have correlation coefficients with respective mass balance components of ca. 0.7. The reconstructed net balance (b_N) of Storglaciären was well correlated to the observations during 1946-1980 (r = 0.8, p < 0.05). Our reconstruction agrees well with previously obtained results of northern Sweden glacier variability, where the predominantly positive b_N years between 1890 and 1910 correspond to the well documented post-Little Ice Age advance of Storglaciären. Furthermore, the results suggest that b_S, as a function of summer temperatures, is more important than b_W in determining the b_N, which is contrary to glaciers in the maritime parts of western Scandinavia. In general, b_N has been negative over the last 220 yr, suggesting a predomination of continental conditions over northern Sweden. However, the influence of b_W increased in the late twentieth century, indicating a shift to a more oceanic climate regime.     

广东梅州崩塌滑坡地质灾害成因及防治对策

梅州山区频繁发生山体滑坡灾害是由该区特定的地质和气候等自然环境以及客家人特有的居住习惯等引起的。在此研究的基础上有针对性地提出适合梅州山区防治山体滑坡灾害的对策和建议。     

The impact of freshwater discharges on the ocean circulation in the Skagerrak/northern North Sea area. Part II: energy analysis

We perform eddy-permitting to eddy-resolving simulations of the Skagerrak/northern North Sea with a terrain-following numerical ocean model. We demonstrate that realistic representations of freshwater input are not required when the focus is on modelling mesoscale structures such as meanders and eddies. To arrive at this conclusion, we analyze the results using a recently developed energy diagnostic scheme to study the sensitivity to realistic representations of the lateral freshwater flux provided to the area from the Baltic Sea and by the major rivers. The scheme is suitable for analysis of growth of instabilities, and it has four basic instability processes prominent. We recognize both horizontal and vertical shear instabilities. There are two processes where average potential energy is converted to eddy kinetic energy, and they are related to the mean gradient in surface elevation and the mean lateral density gradient, respectively. The latter process is known as frontal instability. We demonstrate that the change in the eddy kinetic energy field is small, despite the large variations in the hydrographic properties from experiment to experiment. Moreover, generation of eddy activity appears at the same locations and with approximately the same strength regardless of actual representations of freshwater input. Furthermore, we find that vertical shear instability dominates the energy conversion processes in the Norwegian Coastal Current. Finally, we find that the areas off the northwest coast of Denmark recognized with enhanced eddy kinetic energy level is not caused by instability processes but eddy–eddy interaction rooted in variations in the sea level.     

玄武岩台地区滑坡典型特征及防治对策

文章分析了江浙皖玄武岩台地区滑坡在地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质条件、滑坡体特征、滑动面特征、滑动多期性等方面的典型特征。由于地表水和地下水是玄武岩台地区滑坡中的主要影响因素,因此提出对该类型滑坡的防治应采用排水工程为主,并和其它防治措施相结合的方法进行治理。在滑坡治理的过程中,滑坡监测始终是滑坡防治的基础,防治的效果也需要监测工作来检验。     

对2005年盛夏十堰市一次连续强降水天气过程的分析

使用2005年8月14～23日各层(850、700、500 hPa等)天气图资料,以及有关物理量场资料、雷达回波资料和卫星云图资料,采取天气诊断分析方法,对2005年盛夏十堰市一次连续强降水天气过程进行了分析。结果表明:此次过程是在西太平洋副热带高压、"珊瑚"台风、东南急流、南支低槽、中低层低涡切变线等系统共同影响下形成的;贝加尔湖低槽持续分裂冷空气与副热带高压边缘暖湿气流对峙是该过程能够维持的基本条件;短带状强回波与新生的强对流窄回波带相叠加并维持较长时间,中-β尺度云团在本地发展为中-α尺度云团且受地形作用维持近5 h,使得灾情更趋严重。     

1999年6月长江中下游梅雨暴雨的环流特征分析

利用客观分析资料和加强观测期资料,对1999年6月发生在我国长江流域的持续性梅雨期降水过程的大尺度环流特征进行了分析,结果表明:(1)1999年梅雨期,我国长江中下游强降水带状分布非常明显,强降水主要发生在长江中下游地区,强降水带呈东西向分布,并且雨带的南北边界非常清楚。(2)在对流层低层,从孟加拉湾来的西风气流和西太平洋副热带高压前缘的东南气流在长江流域维持,为此次强暴雨过程产生和发展提供了有利的大尺度条件。高空急流和低空急流的存在和维持为此次梅雨锋暴雨过程的发生提供了有利的抬升机制,而对流层中低层的中性对流不稳定特征则为持续性暴雨过程的发生提供了有利的不稳定机制。(3)梅雨锋区对流层低层的水汽辐合非常明显,水汽输送主要来自孟加拉湾和西太平洋,同时南海季风槽在向梅雨锋区输送水汽的过程中起到了非常重要的作用,它是热带海洋地区向我国内陆输送水汽的通道。(4)平均纬向风速u对流层高层出现了与高空西风急流与高空东风急流相对应的两个强风速核;径向平均风速v在400 hPa以下层次盛行南风,而在400 hPa以上的高层盛行北风;受两侧下沉气流的制约,梅雨锋降水带南北两侧存在位势不稳定层结中的不稳定能量无法释放,因此没有出现明显的降水。     

震群活动和地震预报综述

研究震群和大地震的关系、用前兆震群预报未来地震的发生,是世界范围内比较活跃的课题之一。文章例举了震群的一些指标以说明前兆性震群的预报意义,并从大范围的众多震群活动阐述大震前震群活动的一些特征。根据震群的分布可确定未来大震的发生地点,并解释不同类型震群的力学成因。     

影响辽东半岛两个台风Meari和Muifa暴雨环流特征的对比分析

Meari(1105)和Muifa(1109)是两个路径相似并在辽东半岛产生强降水的热带气旋。但Meari强降水持续时间长,而Muifa时间短。利用中国气象局热带气旋年鉴、FY_2D(0.1°×0.1°)云顶亮温资料、大连地区逐时自动气象站降雨量资料、常规观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对两个台风影响辽东半岛的降水过程进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)Meari影响辽东半岛时强度较弱,但与低空东南急流相连获得丰富水汽供应,衰减缓慢;Muifa影响时强度较强但与低空急流水汽通道快速断开而衰减迅速。(2)两个台风均进入西风槽区而变性,但两者影响辽东半岛时处于不同的变性阶段。Meari为半冷半暖结构,其北侧中尺度对流活动发展旺盛,非对称结构明显;Muifa低层环流已变性为冷中心,云系结构孤立且无发展。(3)两次过程中辽东半岛位于台风不同的对流发展区域是其降水强度差异的原因之一。辽东半岛位于Meari北侧,低层的水平辐合较强,水平风垂直切变较大,深厚的上升运动维持;Muifa影响下辽东半岛位于其西侧,受偏北风下沉气流控制,不稳定度和动力抬升条件减弱。