北半球500百帕极地环流与厄尔尼诺、南方涛动及我国气温场的遥相关

本文用1951—1984年的资料对500百帕、65°N以北的高度场作自然正交展开,用模糊聚类对典型场归类。指出,极涡月平均场有三种形态,1月份平均场形态较特殊;大尺度距平场也有三种形态,4月份距平场形态较特殊。此外,研究了典型场的时间权重系数与厄尔尼诺、南方涛动的关系。指出,厄尔尼诺现象发生的当年4月、10月极地大尺度距平场有明显的异常特征。这种极地环流异常已明显影响到我国4月份、10月份的气温场。因而,可能是厄尔尼诺年我国气温4月偏低、10月偏高的一个重要原因。     

1986/1987厄尔尼诺期间的西风强化和海气相互作用过程分析

本文利用欧洲中期数值天气预报中心(ECMWF)西北太平洋上空(25°—35°N,110°—180°)850 hPa客观分析的西风分量,计算了1986/1987厄尔尼诺期间的西风强度.结果表明1986年12月—1987年5月西风的累计强度比1986/1987厄尔尼诺前后诸年份同期的西风更强,这种强化与历次厄尔尼诺期间西北太平洋副热带高压的加强是一致的,都反映了哈德莱环流的强化.为了探讨大气环流发生这种变化的原因,作者利用中美海气观测期间的海洋资料,说明了热带两太平洋东部对低纬度大气异常的加热和西部边界流向中纬度海洋输送热量的减少是两个十分重要的原因.     

吉林基性超基性岩的地质特征及找矿方向

从多旋回大地构造演化的观点,分析吉林区域多旋回的构造运动,控制多旋回的基性超基性岩浆活动及其相应的成矿作用,认为与含镍有关的基性超基性岩体,主要受“台槽边界”赤峰—开源深断裂控制,沿深断裂一侧或两侧成带分布,分群集中。为铜镍矿床区域勘查工作,提供地质资料。     

Heavy Metal Load of Sediments of the River Gurk (Carinthia/Austria) — Merits and Limitations of Sequential Leaching Schwermetallbelastung des Sediments der Gurk in Kärnten — Vorzüge und Einschränkungen sequentieller Löseverfahren

By means of the analysis of sediments cored in the small river Gurk (Carinthia/Austria), the input of Ag, Cd, Ce, Cr, Hg, La, Mo, Ni, V, and W from a chemical industrial plant could be detected. To estimate the actual load, and to obtain data for comparison with other sites, both unsieved fine sediments and sediments sieved to 20 μm were investigated from the same cores. Environmental mobilities of toxic heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn) have been shown by sequential leaching following Tessier/Förstner. In the last step, HNO₃ leaches a purely geogenic fraction, which is fairly constant along the investigated river. Whereas the additional Cr from the input of the chemical plant is mainly found in the oxalate-leachable fraction, short-time-load to unpolluted sediments in the laboratory is found mainly in hydroxylamine/acetic acid. Both is due to the high affinity of Cr to Fe- and Mn-oxides. Adsorption/desorption experiments reveal that the low carbonate content of the Gurk sediments increases the importance of Fe/Mn-oxides for the sorption of Cr compared to other samples containing carbonate. The Ni-load was primarily found in weak-acid-leachable and oxalate-leachable fractions. Similarly, the oxalate-leachable fraction is dominant for adsorption of other metals and phosphorus. Other interelement relationships among the amounts leached, which are attributable partly to carbonate-, silicate-, organic or coating phases, have been found by means of factor analyses together with marker fractions for each type.     

NON-LINEAR CRITICAL LAYER IN EL NINO AND LA NINA YEARS AND FORMATION, MAINTENTENANCE AND OSCILLATION OF THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH

Monthly mean zonal wind data from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting(ECMWF)for December 1982, April 1983, October 1984 and ApriI 1985 are used in numerical integration as thebasic flow in a non-linear critical-layer model. The subtropical high is extensive and limited in number if simulated with the basic now in December 1982 and April 1983. It consists of 2 to 3 cells that move westward at alloscillatory periods of 1～2 months. The subtropical high, simulated with the basic flow in October 1984 and April1 985. is weak and small in coverage, or distributed in strips that contain up to 4 cells. The high. merged or spillover a short time. is moving westward. The years 1982 ～1983 are a process of EI Niño while the years 1984-1985one of La Niña. lt is known from the chart of energy flux that it oscillates by a much larger amplitude and longerperiod in the EI Niño year than in the La Niña year. All the results above have indicated that the basic flow in the EI Niño year is enhancing the subtropical high lagging by about 4 months and that in the La Niña year is decay'ing it. It is consiStent with the well-known observational fact that the SSTA in the equatorial eastern Pacitlc ispositively correlated with the extent and intensity of the subtropical high in west Pacific lagging by 1～2 seasons.The result is also important for further study of the formation, maintenance and oscillation of the subtropicalhigh.     

TYPHOON ACTIVITY IN NORTHWEST PACIFIC IN RELATION WITH EL NINO AND LA NINA EVENTS

Statistic and typical-year composition methods are used to study the northwest Pacific typhoon activities in relation with the EI Niño and La Niña events. The result indicates that the typhoon tends to be inactive in the EI Niño years and active in the La Niña years and it is also dependent on the onset and ending time and intensity of the events and areas of genesis of typhoons. With statistic features of the frequency of typhoon activity in the EI Niño and La Niña years and the time-lag correlation between the frequency and sea surface temperature(SST), useful information is provided for the prediction of typhoon occurrence. In addition, the singular values disassemble(SVD)method is applied to study the correlation between the geopotential field and SST field. The result shows that the air-sea coupling in the EI Niño years is unfavorable for the typhoon to develop. Which take place with a smaller number. Opposite situations are found with the La Niña years.     

Impact of El Nio on Large-scale Circulation of Southeast Asian Summer Monsoon

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴａｏａｎｄＣｈｅｎ (1 987)ｗｅｒｅｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｔｏｐｏｉｎｔｏｕｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅＡｓｉａｎｓｕｍｍｅｒｍｏｎｓｏｏｎｉｓｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅｄｏｆｔｗｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ:ＥａｓｔＡｓｉａｎｓｕｍｍｅｒｍｏｎｓｏｏｎ (ＥＡＳＭ )ａｎｄＳｏｕｔｈＡｓｉａｎｓｕｍｍｅｒｍｏｎｓｏｏｎ (ＳＡＳＭ) .Ｔｈｅｙａｒｅｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔｌｙｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｅａｃｈｏｔｈｅｒｉｎｂｏｔｈｌａｒｇｅ ｓｃａｌｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｅｎｔｓｕｂｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ.Ｔｈｅｒ…     

Some Comments on the Magnetic Braking of CP Stars

The low rotation velocities of magnetic CP stars are discussed. Arguments against the involvement of the magnetic field in the loss of angular momentum are given: (1) the fields are not strong enough in young stars in the stage of evolution prior to the main sequence; (2) there is no significant statistical correlation between the magnetic field strength and the rotation period of CP stars; (3) stars with short periods have the highest fields; (4) a substantial number of stars with very low magnetic fields (B _e < 500 G) have rotation speeds that are typical of other CP stars; (5) simulations of the magnetic fields by Leroy and the author show that the orientation of dipoles inside rotating stars, both slow and fast, is consistent with an arbitrary orientation of the dipoles; and, (6) slow rotators with P>25 days, which form 12% of the total, probably lie at the edge of the velocity distribution for low mass stars. All of these properties conflict with the hypothesis of magnetic braking of CP stars.     

A ∼6100 14C yr record of El Niño activity from the Galápagos Islands

Lithostratigrahic and mineralogic analyses of sediments from hypersaline Bainbridge Crater Lake, Galápagos Islands, provide evidence of past El Niño frequency and intensity. Laminated sediments indicate that at least 435 moderate to very strong El Niño events have occurred since 6100 ¹⁴C yr BP (7130 cal yr BP), and that frequency and intensity of events increased at about 3000 ¹⁴C yr BP (3100 cal yr BP). El Niño activity was present between 6100 and 4000 ¹⁴C yr BP (4600 cal yr BP) but infrequent. The Bainbridge record indicates that there has been considerable millennial-scale variability in El Niño since the mid-Holocene.     

Ice flow direction during late Paleozoic glaciation in western Paraná Basin, Brazil

The recent discovery of ice-striated surfaces associated with the late Paleozoic Aquidauana Formation suggests that glaciers coming from southwest Africa reached westernmost parts of the Paraná Basin in central Brazil. Abrasion features were developed by glaciers moving from SSE towards NNW, mainly on an unconsolidated bed. These records expand to about 1,050,000 km², the coverage of the late Paleozoic glaciation in the region of the Paraná Basin in Western Gondwana.

Resumen

A recente descoberta de superfícies estriadas associadas à Formação Aquidauana, de idade permocarbonífera, sugere que as geleiras provenientes do sudoeste da África alcançaram as porções ocidentais da Bacia do Paraná, na região central do Brasil. As feições de abrasão foram geradas pelo deslocamento de geleiras de SSE para NNW, principalmente sobre substrato inconsolidado. Estes novos registros evidenciam que a glaciação neopaleozóica cobriu uma área de pelo menos de 1.050.000 km² na região ocupada pela Bacia do Paraná no Gondwana Ocidental.