Distribution and abundance patterns of two parapagurid hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) along the west and south coasts of South Africa

A series of over 6 000 research-trawl samples collected along the west and south coasts of South Africa between 1987 and 2014 were analysed for the presence and biomass of two parapagurid hermit crabs, Sympagurus dimorphus and Parapagurus bouvieri. The percentage of trawls that landed S. dimorphus and P. bouvieri and the mean caught biomass were higher on the west than on the south coast for both the more-abundant S. dimorphus (30.59 vs 5.81% success and 287.88 vs 31.37 kg km^–2, respectively) and for the less-abundant P. bouvieri (13.76 vs 3.58% success and 38.56 vs 16.32 kg km^–2, respectively). Very few parapagurids were caught shallower than 150 m; thereafter, the proportion of trawls containing hermit crabs increased, peaking over the depth range 201–250 m for S. dimorphus (54%) and 401–450 m for P. bouvieri (51%), and declining steadily thereafter. On the west coast, the relative caught biomass of S. dimorphus increased significantly from north to south, but there was no apparent latitudinal trend in relative biomass for P. bouvieri. Similarly, there was a significant decline in caught biomass of S. dimorphus with increasing longitude along the south coast, but no apparent trend for P. bouvieri. Although this represents by far the most comprehensive global analyses of distribution and abundance patterns for parapagurids to date, extremely little remains known about the biology and ecological relationships of these species, or indeed of other members of the group.     

GIS与遥感支持下的南黄海辐射沙脊群现代演变趋势分析

南黄海辐射沙脊群是世界罕见的大型水下泥沙堆积体，具有独特的动力地貌组合。利用1988-1995年的LANDSATTM遥感影像，ERS1SAR影像及1979年编绘地形资料，综合应用GIS与遥感方法，对这一区域在20世纪80-90年代的变化及演变趋势作出分析，其基本演变特征与趋势表现为；沙脊群枢纽地区处于不断的增长，扩张过程；南部区域堆积与侵蚀作用较弱，沿岸潮滩向海淤进；而北部区域变化较强烈，并继续脊槽相间的模式，所取得的结果与该区域动力地貌研究结果相吻合。     

东太平洋多金属结核分布的二维趋势面分析

对规则网的 469个测站的多金属结核丰度和 93个测站的 Mn、 Cu、 Co、 Ni元素进行趋势面分析 ,经 F检验 ,各变量的变异性显著 ,拟合度较低 ,表明多金属结核丰度及 Mn、Cu、Co、Ni金属元素的控制因素比较复杂。趋势面分析结果与相关分析结果一致 ,Mn、Cu、Ni元素有极相似的趋势特征 ,有两个轴向分布 ,一个为东西向轴 ,高值区在东部 ,另一个为北西向轴 ,高值区在北西部 ;结核丰度与 Co也有极相似的趋势特征 ,高值区在西部。应用逐次趋势面分析的结果将结核丰度的地质特征分解成各种简单控制因素的叠加 ,使对多金属结核的控矿因素、分布规律和物质来源的研究方法多样化     

Annual Cycle of Zooplankton Biomass, Abundance and Species Composition in the Neritic Area of the Balearic Sea, Western Mediterranean

Abstract. Seasonal changes in zooplankton biomass, abundance and species composition were studied at a neritic station in the Balearic Sea between April 1993 and May 1994. Sampling was carried out every 10 days in a zone influenced by the main current circulating through the Mallorca channel. Three main peaks of zooplankton biomass and abundance were observed: (1) at the beginning of summer when the thermocline developed, (2) in autumn when the thermocline broke down, and (3) in early spring. The smaller zooplankton fraction (100–250 μm) comprised on average 32 % of the total biomass and 73 % of total abundance. Copepods were the predominant group (64 % of the total abundance) with Clausocalanus, Oithona and Paracalanus being the most abundant genera. Paracalanus parvus, Clausocalanus furcatus, Acartia clausi, Oithona plumifera, Temora stylifera, Centropages typicus and Oncaea mediterranea were found to be the most important species in the area. Other abundant groups were cladocerans (15 %) and meroplankton larvae (12 %), both of which were particularly numerous during the stratified period. The copepod community was characterized by the above‐cited perennial species, which were abundant during the cycle studied. However, the influence of the hydrological conditions of the Balearic Sea, such as the Atlantic water influx and the physical structure of the water column (stratification and mixing), promoted the observed variability in zooplankton as well as the appearance of characteristic species during the annual cycle.     

黄海表层盐度年变化的谐波分析

本文采用黄海（３５°Ｎ以北，１２４°Ｅ以西）断面调查资料，对海域表层盐度年变化进行谐波分析，讨论了年波与半年波位相与振幅在海区的分 布不同水系消长及运动的关系。     

长江口涨、落潮槽底沙输移趋势探讨

选择长江口南港南小泓和南港主槽作为典型涨、落潮槽为研究对象，以2001年9月所采底沙的颗粒分析资料为根据，并结合实测水文、泥沙资料进行水动力分析，运用Gao-Collins粒径趋势分析模型分析了底沙输移趋势，结果表明：南小泓的底沙主要是来自口门附近，由于涨潮流强于落潮流而使底沙向上游输移，即SE—NW方向，而南港主槽的底沙主要来自上游，由于落潮流强于涨潮流而使泥沙向下游输移，即NW—SE方向。     

辽东湾北部海域营养状况与趋势评价

根据 1999-2006 年 6-8 月的调查数据,分析辽东湾北部海域的营养水平及变化趋势,以了解辽东湾北部海域营养水平的分布特点及污染状况.由 E 值和 CN/CP 值的总体评价结果来看,辽河口、双台子河口和大凌河口海域的富营养化程度较高,属于磷中等限制潜在性富营养区,而锦州湾海域污染相对较轻,属于中度营养区;在时空分布上,辽东湾北部海域 1999 年与 2006 年污染较为严重,中间年份污染相对较轻.针对辽东湾的具体环境用 CN/CP 值的评价模式更能揭示出营养盐限制对富营养化的影响.     

神木北部矿区5-2煤层厚度及其底板高程趋势分析

为了查清神木北部矿区5-2煤层赋存特征及成因,选取了该矿区172个典型钻孔数据,用趋势分析法研究了5-2煤层的厚度及其底板高程度变化特征。结果显示:该区煤层厚度总体为南北厚中部薄,东厚西薄;底板高程为南北高中部低,东高西低;煤层厚度和其底板高程间普遍存在正相关关系。在该区构造稳定的背景下,后期改造对煤层厚度及其底板的影响很小,煤层赋存特征主要受沉积与剥蚀的控制。     

松嫩平原土地沙化现状与动态变化

松嫩平原沙地主要分布于松嫩平原的中西部地区,包括松嫩沙地和科尔沁沙地的一部分.沙地分布区处于半干旱地区,年降水量在350~450 mm,是松嫩平原生态环境变化的敏感地区.采用RS和GIS集成技术,对松嫩平原1986年和2001年的沙地进行遥感解译,结合野外调查,研究松嫩平原沙地分布的现状及其动态变化.结果表明,松嫩平原土地沙化有进一步发展的趋势,2001年沙地面积比1986年增加了861.1 km²,沙地平均每年以0.44%的速度扩展.其中,重度沙地变化率最大,中度沙地面积数量增加最多,轻度沙地略有减少.     

浅析旅游地图的网络化发展

旅游地图是人们旅行和导购导游的常用工具,对各地旅游业的发展具有十分重要的推动作用。本文论述了网络化旅游地图发行方式上所具有的优势,分析了当前旅游地图网络化的发展现状及存在问题,探讨了加快旅游地图网络化发展的策略与措施。