山区遥感图像自动分类研究——以西南地区为例(英文)

In mountainous areas, it is the undulant terrain, various types of geomorphic and land use that make the remote sensing images great metamorphism. Moreover, due to the elevation, there are many areas covered with shadow, clouds and snow that make the images more inaccurate. As a result, it would be very difficult to carry out auto-classification of RS images in these areas. The study took Southwest China as the case study area and the TM images, SPOT images as the basic information sources assisted by the a...     

利用MODIS卫星产品分析西南地区云水特征

采用NASA Goddard Earth Science DAAC发布的2001—2010年MODIS水云云水含量和水云粒子有效半径资料, 选取西南地区（四川、重庆、云南、贵州）,分析了水云云水含量和水云粒子有效半径的多年平均空间分布特征,对年和季节平均水云云水含量和粒子有效半径进行了线性趋势分析,并进行了显著性检验。结果表明：西南地区年和季节多年平均云水含量在海拔高的地方偏少,在海拔低的地方偏多;年和季节多年平均粒子有效半径的空间分布特征与云水含量相反。云水含量具有季节差异性,秋季和夏季是云水含量最丰富的季节,春季和冬季较少;粒子有效半径的季节差异较小。10年中云水含量呈减少趋势,春季和冬季云水含量减少趋势明显;而粒子有效半径无显著变化趋势。     

我国西南地区斑岩矿床区域成矿环境

本文对我国西南地区斑岩Cu(-Mo-Au)矿床形成的区域成矿环境进行了总结研究。我国西南地区斑岩矿床,构造上位于全球特提斯斑岩成矿带东段,与青藏高原演化密切相关,形成于青藏高原演化不同阶段。我国西南地区斑岩矿床形成时代为晚三叠世、早白垩世、古近纪和中新世等4个时期。斑岩矿床形成的区域成矿环境具有多样性,包括俯冲造山岛弧、同碰撞、后碰撞和大陆转换板块边界等四类构造环境。根据斑岩矿床成岩成矿时代和成矿环境,我国西南地区斑岩矿床可划分为义敦-中甸印支期斑岩成矿带、玉龙-马拉松多古近纪斑岩成矿带、丽江-金平古近纪斑岩成矿带、冈底斯古近纪-新近纪斑岩成矿带和班公湖-怒江燕山期斑岩成矿带等五个成矿带。与世界上多数斑岩矿床一样,我国西南地区斑岩矿床与区域深大走滑断裂存在着明显的空间分布关系。     

豫中公司打成日产1200方煤层气井

日前,从河南省煤田地质局豫中地质勘察工程公司获悉,经过几个月的试抽采,由该公司施工完成的四川古蔺DCMT-3煤层气井日产量已经稳固在1200m^3,创造了我国西南地区煤层气单井日产的最高纪录,实现了四川地区煤层气勘探产气量的突破。     

中国西南地区铜矿资源现状及对地质勘查工作的几点建议

铜作为重要的战略性矿产资源,是中国当前最为突出的大宗性紧缺矿种之一。西南地区成矿地质背景优越,铜矿资源的找矿潜力巨大,国土资源大调查10年来的发现和进展已基本改变了中国铜矿资源新的战略分布格局。进一步加快西南地区铜矿资源的勘查工作进程,紧紧围绕重要成矿区带和主要的铜矿类型,不断提高工作程度,尽快实现新一轮找矿的重大突破,大幅度提高铜矿资源的储量,对全面提升国内铜矿资源的保证程度具有重要作用。     

水环地调中心积极参加西北、西南地区地质灾害应急调查

按照国土资源部在成都召开的地震灾区和三峡库区地灾防治工作会议部署精神,为做好震区的地灾防治工作,水环地调中心迅速成立青海玉树、四川康定、云南昭通灾区群测群防监测设备安装培训工作组,经过前期踏勘选点,目前已完成多处滑坡点和泥石流点的监测仪器安装工作。     

Spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxide components in depression between karst hills,Southwest China

In karst regions,the spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxides and environmental variables is still not clear.We investigated the spatial heterogeneity of SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,P2O5,K2O,and MnO contents in the soils of slope land,plantation forest,secondary forest,and primary forest,as well as their relationships with environmental variables in a karst region of Southwest China.Geostatistics,principal component analysis(PCA),and canonical correlation analysis(CCA)were applied to analyze the field data.The results show that SiO2was the predominant mineral in the soils(45.02%–67.33%),followed by Al2O3and Fe2O3.Most soil mineral oxide components had a strong spatial dependence,except for CaO,MgO,and P2O5in the plantation forest,MgO and P2O5in the secondary forest,and CaO in the slope land.Dimensionality reduction in PCA was not appropriate due to the strong spatial heterogeneity in the ecosystems.Soil mineral oxide components,the main factors in all ecosystems,had greater influences on vegetation than those of conventional soil properties.There were close relationships between soil mineral oxide components and vegetation,topography,and conventional soil properties.Mineral oxide components affected species diversity,organic matter and nitrogen levels.     

Progress in Studies of the Precipitation Diurnal Variation over Contiguous China

This paper summarizes the recent progress in studies of the diurnal variation of precipitation over con- tiguous China. The main results are as follows. （1） The rainfall diurnal variation over contiguous China presents distinct regional features. In summer, precipitation peaks in the late afternoon over the south- ern inland China and northeastern China, while it peaks around midnight over southwestern China. In the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River valley, precipitation occurs mostly in the early morning. Summer precipitation over the central eastern China （most regions of the Tibetan Plateau） has two diurnal peaks, i.e., one in the early morning （midnight） and the other in the late afternoon. （2） The rainfall diurnal variation experiences obvious seasonal and sub-seasonal evolutions. In cold seasons, the regional contrast of rainfall diurnal peaks decreases, with an early morning maximum over most of the southern China. Over the central eastern China, diurnal monsoon rainfall shows sub-seasonal variations with the movement of summer monsoon systems. The rainfall peak mainly occurs in the early morning （late afternoon） during the active （break） monsoon period. （3） Cloud properties and occurrence time of rainfall diurnal peaks are different for long- and short-duration rainfall events. Long-duration rainfall events are dominated by strat- iform precipitation, with the maximum surface rain rate and the highest profile occurring in the late night to early morning, while short-duration rainfall events are more related to convective precipitation, with the maximum surface rain rate and the highest profile occurring between the late afternoon and early night. （4） The rainfall diurnal variation is influenced by multi-scale mountain-valley and land-sea breezes as well as large-scale atmospheric circulation, and involves complicated formation and evolution of cloud and rainfall systems. The diurnal cycle of winds in the lower troposphere also contributes to the regional differences     

Accumulation and risk assessment of heavy metals in dust in main living areas of Guiyang City,Southwest China

Guiyang is a famous tourist city located in southwestern China. In this study, dust from eleven residential areas, seven city squares, and nine schools was collected to measure the heavy metal levels and evaluate its risk. At each sampling site, 4-5 sub-samples were taken as a bulk sample. All samples were air-dried, ground, passed through a 0.105 mm nylon sieve, digested with HNO3-HC104 to determine the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn by ICP-MS, and digested with 1：1 aqua regia to determine As by AFS. The results show that the concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in dust of Guiyang City follow normal distribution with means of 16.1, 1.54, 138, 47.7, 129 and 479 mg/kg, respectively. Levels of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn exceed the background level of soil in Guizhou Province by 33%, 96%, 100%, 78%, 96%, and 100%, respectively. Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn are heavily accumu- lated in dust of living areas with accumulation factors of 4.10, 5.12, 4.12 and 5.51, respectively. City square pos- sesses the highest geometric means of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The risks of heavy metal exposure to teenagers are not obvious and in an order ofAs〉Pb〉Cu〉Ni〉Zn （Cd）.