太湖及其周围河流中N2O的空间分布与释放通量

本次研究选择中国东部一个生态和环境空间分异极大的浅水湖泊(太湖)以及周围河流,分别于2003年7月和9月两次采集湖水和河水样品,分析其中的N2O浓度,并利用扩散模型公式估算水-气界面N20交换通量.结果显示N2O饱和度的空间变化从70%不饱和到2708%过饱和变化范围很大.N2O饱和度的空间分布,N20与CH4、无机氮、TDS(总溶解固体物质)之间的相关性都表明:太湖重度富营养区N2O的产生极大地受到人为N输入的影响.然而,初步的通量分析显示湖泊N2O的释放因子不超过0.63%,小于河流中的默认值,N2O产率也略低于水环境中的平均值,太湖以面积为权重的释放通量平均值并不高,在7月和9月分别为14.0μmol/m2·d和9.7μmol/m2·d.这些结果表明流域人为N输入对整个湖泊N2O的促进作用是有限的,预计未来湖泊N2O释放不会因为人为活动增加而出现人幅度增加的状况.流域内各生态景观N2O释放量的比较,也表明富营养湖泊总体上仍然是一个十分有限的大气N2O释放源.相反,太湖周围河流存在较大的N2O释放速率,在7月和9月估算的N2O释放通量分别为142.1μmol/m2·d和28.8μmol/m2·d.将这一释放速率推广到整个流域后,预计河网的N2O释放量将占到耕作土壤的10%～50%,显示了河流对区域N2O质量平衡具有较重要的影响.     

经营性集体建设用地使用权流转初探

一、同题的提出 随着我国改革开放的推进和经济社会的快速发展,集体建设用地使用权的流转事实上已广泛存在。在经济起步早、发展快的东部沿海地区,多年来蓬勃兴起的制造业、商贸业与持续加快的城镇化导致了建设用地需求的急剧增长,而随着国家土地供给宏观调控的不断加强,城镇国有土地的可供量已日益捉襟见肘。     

曹刿论战

《曹刿论战》一文记载了春秋时期齐国和鲁国之间的一次战争。战事发生在周庄王十三年(公元前684年)的春天,地点在长勺(今山东莱芜东北),所以历史上就叫长勺之战。当时齐国据有今山东东北部地区,都城临淄(见图,今山东省淄博市东北)。鲁国据有今山东西南地区,都城曲阜(今山东曲阜),与齐国相邻。在周王室衰落以后,各诸侯国为争夺领土和扩大势力开始互相兼并,长勺之战也正发生在这样一个大背景下。     

Compositions of Upper Mantle Fluids Beneath Eastern China: Implications for Mantle Evolution

The composition of gases trapped in olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in Iherzolite xenoliths collected from different locations in eastern China has been measured by the vacuum stepped-heating mass spectrometry. These xenoliths are hosted in alkali basalts and considered as residues of partial melting of the upper mantle, and may contain evidence of mantle evolution. The results show that various kinds of fluid inclusions in Iherzolite xenoliths have been released at distinct times, which could be related to different stages of mantle evolution. In general, primitive fluids of the upper mantle (PFUM) beneath eastern China are dominated by H2, CO2 and CO, and are characterized by high contents of H2 and reduced gases. The compositions of PFUM are highly variable and related to tectonic settings. CO, CO2 and H2 are the main components of the PFUM beneath cratons; the PFUM in the mantle enriched in potassic metasomatism in the northern part of northeastern China has a high content of H2, while CO2 a     

Internal Structure of the Incised Valley Fill in the Hangzhou Bay, Eastern China and Its Geological Implications

This paper presents the sedimentary facies and formation of the Qiantangjiang and Taihu incised valleys, and the characteristics of shallow gas reservoir distribution, based on a large number of data of drilling, static sounding and chemical analysis obtained from the present Hangzhou Bay coastal plain. The incised valleys were formed during the last glacial maximum and were subsequently filled with fluvial facies during the post-glacial period. All commercial gases are stored in the flood plain sand lenses of the incised valleys.     

Seismic Velocity Structure and Composition of the Continental Crust of Eastern China

On the basis of a one-by-one latitude-longitude grid three-dimensional seismic velocity model, the crustal P-wave velocity structure in eastern China (105-125°E and 18-41°N) is obtained, and a set of geotherms for each grid is established for P-T correction on P-wave velocities. The average depths of sub-crustal layers and their average P-wave velocities of 18 tectonic units in eastern China are exhibited. Our result presents a 32-34 km thick crust beneath eastern China, which is thinner than previous studies, with an average velocity of 6.54 km/s, corresponding to a 5 kg/m3 variation in crustal mean density. The thicker upper but thinner middle and lower crust results in a lower average seismic velocity of eastern China. An intermediate crustal composition with a SiO2 content of 59.7 wt% has been estimated. However, there exists a significant lateral variation in the crustal structures among the tectonic units of eastern China. The structure and composition features of some regions in eastern China in     

中国东部地区新生代岩浆活动对区域性CO2形成时间的制约

中国东部地区新生代存在 4个岩浆活动期 :第一期 6 5～ 4 1Ma ,第二期 4 1～ 2 1Ma ,第三期 2 1～ 13Ma ,第四期 11Ma至今。对研究区内火山岩地球化学研究表明 ,古近纪早期火山岩以拉斑玄武岩和钙碱性玄武岩为主 ,后期特别是从沙三期开始逐渐转变为碱性岩石。火山岩中CO2 包裹体含量统计表明 ,沙三段 (Es3 )中CO2 含量明显高于其它几个岩性段 ,而碱性岩中CO2 的含量又明显高于拉斑玄武岩中的含量。沙三期是整个东部地区一个较重要的岩浆活动期和火山活动发生重大改变的时期 ,从沙三期到馆陶期形成的碱性岩具有最大的CO2 成藏潜力 ,沙三期及以后的火山岩与CO2 在空间上存在密切关系 ,因此沙三期到馆陶期是形成区内CO2 的主要时期。     

柴达木盆地东部中新生代两期逆冲断层作用的FT定年

柴达木盆地东部都兰一带,由于一系列北东倾的、向南西推覆的逆冲断层作用和温泉断裂的右行走滑作用,将柴达木盆地的变质基底和前中生界沉积基底翘起,从而使得柴达木盆地与共和盆地分隔开来. 逆冲断层中磷灰石裂变径迹（FT）测年结果反映了柴达木盆地基底断层作用的规律性. 从FT测年结果可以看出,FT年龄分为2组,也就是2个活动时期：第1期为108 Ma至61 Ma;第2期为26.6 Ma至17.8 Ma. 第1期反映的断裂活动具有明显的规律性：从柴达木盆地南缘的东昆仑开始,向柴北缘方向,逆冲推覆的断层作用时间逐渐变年轻,从东昆仑的108.0±9.6 Ma（柴达木南缘断裂）变为63.7±4.4 Ma（柴北缘断裂）,之后可能有小的跳动. 第2期,在原有的一些逆冲断层上形成了新的活动,或形成了一些新的逆冲断层,总体上具有无序或跳跃式变动的特点.     

内蒙古东部地区小叶杨物候变化与气象条件的关系

利用数理统计方法对近20-30 a内蒙古东部主要牧业试验站的气候变化及小叶杨的物候变化进行探讨,研究小叶杨的物候变化与气象条件的关系。结果显示：近20-30 a来大于等于0℃的初日提早,终日推后,积温显著增加。上半年的物候现象(花芽开放期、展叶始期、展叶盛期和开花始期)提前;下半年物候现象(叶全变色期、落叶末期)及开花盛期均推迟。小叶杨自然物候现象存在着明显的地域性差异。小叶杨上半年的物候期与气温呈显著负相关,而下半年的物候期与气温呈显著正相关;物候期变化对温度的响应较强,其关系有可能是非线性的。日照和降水对物候期变化的影响,由于其地理位置和生育时段的不同而呈现各不相同的关系。小叶杨物候期的变化对降水和日照的响应不明显。