矾山磷矿中磷灰石矿物学特征与热释光行为探讨

磷灰石是一族以钙磷酸盐为代表的矿物,属于六方晶系,晶体化学通式为A10[PO4]6Z2。式中A是以Ca2+为代表的二价阳离子,如Ca2+、Mg2+、Ba2+、Fe2+、Sr2+、Mn2+、Pb2+等。结构中的A离子可占据2种配位位置:配位数为9的Ca1与配位数为7的Ca2位置,在单位晶胞中,Ca1与Ca2的比例为4∶6。同时[PO4]3-离子可被[SiO4]4-、[SiO4]2-、     

中国陆港型物流枢纽时空演化及其驱动因素

从多维度解析陆港型物流枢纽的发展机理,运用2001―2018年面板数据测度中国陆港型物流枢纽的综合发展实力,并采用空间分析、基尼系数等方法揭示枢纽的空间格局及演化特征,探究中国陆港型物流枢纽发展的主要驱动因素。研究发现：① 枢纽实力在胡焕庸线两侧呈现明显的分异特征,东南部地区枢纽总体比西北部地区发展更成熟、更稳定;② 枢纽发展的空间差异较为明显,且差异程度在不断增加;③ 基础设施和物流运营对枢纽的基尼系数贡献较大,但信息技术的影响提升更加明显;④ 人口规模、金融发展和外部环境因素促进枢纽发展,经济实力、教育水平和政府投资对不同等级枢纽的影响不尽相同。     

Micromorphology of surface crusts in the Knersvlakte, South Africa

Soils in the Knersvlakte are particularly prone to crusting and have lower inherent infiltrability than other soils across western southern Africa. Micromorphological techniques were used to examine the structure and porosity of soil crusts in the Knersvlakte to ascertain why crusting is so intense in this region. Quantile regression using boundary lines was employed to examine the relationships between infiltrability and soil properties for all samples （n = 67）. This analysis showed that infiltrability is potentially maximal at low water- dispersible ＇clay plus silt＇ content and low silt content （r^2 = 0.72 and 0.64; respectively, n = 67） （Figure 2）. The strength of crusts, pH, EC, clay mineralogy, and water-dispersible clay, silt and ＇clay plus silt＇ content were compared, and a pore analysis using optical microscopy was undertaken on images of six soil thin sections （n = 6） （circular and parallel polarizers）. Pore analysis was further undertaken on five horizontal slices of equal dimensions taken through each soil thin section. The porosity samples with low infiltrability （〈 100 mm·hr^-1, n = 4） had greater crust strength, lower porosity （both total and in the least porous slice） and greater water-dispersible ＇day plus silt＇ and silt content than the porosity samples with high infiltrability （〉 100mm·hr^-1, n = 2）. The porosity samples with low infiltrability showed a trend of lower pH and greater water dispersible clay percentage. Porosity varied within the porosity samples due to the presence of dense clay/silt bands （〈 0.5 mm in width） with relatively few air vesicles. The porosity samples with horizontal slices of low porosity （but large numbers of air vesicles） had low infiltrability, while those without slices of low porosity （and relatively few air vesicles） had high infiltrability. We conclude that the intense crusting and resultant low infiltrability of soils in the Knersvlakte appears to be related to the formation of thin, dense clay/silt bands in the pedoderm.     

基于地面观测资料的全球高温阈值探讨

利用全球地面观测数据,筛选整理得到相对完整的1990—2019年全球1 969个站点逐日最高气温资料集,并采用实际累积概率分布阈值计算方法,对全球（不包括非洲）高温阈值进行统计分析。结果表明： 1） 以实际最热三个月为统计时间窗、以90百分位数为高温阈值的计算方法较为合理,能较好反映最高气温的极端性,且与中国业务标准和习惯较吻合。2） 全球高温阈值总体从赤道向两极递减,但受气候、海陆差异、海拔等影响,不同地区差异显著。温带地区高温阈值受纬度影响最明显,在热带地区受气候类型影响更显著。海洋气候及高海拔地区高温阈值较同纬度其他地区低。3） 亚洲高温阈值区域差异显著,东亚季风区30—36 ℃,中南半岛37—40 ℃,印度半岛、中亚、阿拉伯半岛阈值均超过40 ℃,其中阿拉伯半岛可达42—48 ℃。欧洲大陆和北美洲高温阈值总体从南向北递减,大值中心分别位于伊比利亚半岛、巴尔干半岛（34—40 ℃）和美国西南部沙漠气候区（40—44 ℃）,45°N以北地区高温阈值普遍低于32 ℃。南美洲除沿海和西部高海拔地区外,高温阈值总体较均匀（34—37 ℃）。大洋洲高温阈值分布极不均匀,澳大利亚北侧和东侧地区32—35 ℃,中西部沙漠地区40—41 ℃。     

Quantile Trends in Temperature Extremes in China

A number of recent studies have examined trends in extreme temperature indices using a linear regression model based on ordinary least-squares. In this study, quantile regression was, for the first time, applied to examine the trends not only in the mean but also in all parts of the distribution of several extreme temperature indices in China for the period 1960-2008. For China as a whole, the slopes in almost all the quantiles of the distribution showed a notable increase in the numbers of warm days and warm nights, and a significant decrease in the number of cool nights. These changes became much fas- ter as the quantile increased. However, although the number of cool days exhibited a significant decrease in the mean trend estimated by classical linear regression, there was no obvious trend in the upper and lower quantiles. This finding suggests that examining the trends in different parts of the distribution of the time-series is of great importance. The spatial distribution of the trend in the 90th quantile indicated that there was a pronounced increase in the numbers of warm days and warm nights, and a decrease in the number of cool nights for most of China, but especially in the northern and western parts of China, while there was no significant change for the number of cool days at almost all the stations.     

新疆边境贫困县自然地理环境影响因素实证分析

运用新疆17个边境重点贫困县市的面板数据,比较OLS与分位数回归方法验证自然地理环境对边境县(市)农民收入和农村贫困率的影响,结果表明:一定生产力背景下,自然地理环境对收入和贫困仍具有一定的负向影响,而作用机理非常复杂。同时,社会、经济发展措施也能从不同方向、水平上缓解自然地理条件的负面作用。     

长江三峡地区宜昌、巴东短历时极值降水特征分析

利用长江三峡库首宜昌站及库区巴东站1955—2008年分钟降水强度资料,采用广义极值分布和线性矩参数估计方法,拟合两站7个短历时(60min以内)年最大降水量概率分布,推断各历时有关重现期降水极值,计算各历时暴雨频次及年最大降水量气候倾向率,分析各历时降水广义极值分布的参数随时间变化规律。结果表明:宜昌、巴东两站7个短历时年最大降水量采用广义极值分布拟合,其效果较好;两站短历时降水平均值趋势变化不明显,而不同百分位数降水量变化趋势差异较大,其中中位数的降水量呈下降趋势,较高百分位数的降水量增加趋势显著,达20%～30%。     

含细粒砂土反常剪切行为的数值模拟研究

针对含细颗粒砂土的反常剪切行为,开展了双轴剪切试验的数值模拟,从宏细观角度分析了其反常剪切行为发生的内在机制。数值模拟结果表明,增加围压能提高含细颗粒砂土的抗剪切液化能力,该反常行为的根本原因在于围压上升使得粗细颗粒更有效地参与了力链传递,增加了颗粒间的接触,增强了土体的密实度。细颗粒在土骨架中的移动对砂土的液化起着至关重要的作用,而粗颗粒仅起次要作用。研究表明,细颗粒在剪切过程中会持续从有效土骨架中移出成为无效颗粒,而部分粗颗粒也因失去细颗粒的支撑作用会脱离土骨架,直至试样最终液化。细颗粒一般参与土骨架中的弱力链,而粗颗粒则一般参与强力链,导致细颗粒较粗颗粒更容易在土骨架中移动。     

四川盆地中西部中侏罗统沉积相带展布及天然气勘探选区

川西坳陷中侏罗统的千佛崖、沙溪庙组是重要的油气勘探层位。通过沉积特征分析和对比,砂泥百分含量平面变化研究,建立了各亚段的沉积古地理面貌及可能的砂体叠合分布区。结合有利相带特征研究认为,千佛崖组的河床亚相或滨湖滩环境形成的砂、砾岩储集体具有相对较好的物性条件,沙溪庙组的储集砂体主要为辫状河道及三角洲前缘分流河道砂体,其它微相类型砂体较少见,在此基础上预测出了有利地区。     

基于Delta分位数映射法的青藏高原中东部IMERG卫星降水误差订正

可靠的降水资料对理解青藏高原水量平衡和水循环过程尤为重要。IMERG(Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement)是新一代卫星降水产品,具有更广的覆盖范围与更高的时空分辨率,但在高原复杂地形条件下仍然存在较大的不确定性。鉴于此,本研究应用Delta分位数映射法(Quantile Delta Mapping, QDM),对IMERG日降水数据进行偏差订正,使用2001-2010年的中国区域地面气象要素数据集(China Meteorological Forcing Dataset, CMFD)降水数据和IMERG日降水产品分季节建立传递函数,对2011-2014年的IMERG逐日降水进行订正。研究结果表明：(1)Delta分位数映射法能够有效订正IMERG的降水频率、数值和空间分布,对极端降水和负偏差较大区域的订正效果更为明显。订正后的IMERG降水概率分布更加接近观测概率分布,降水偏差也更符合正态分布,改进了对全年和季节降水空间分布的刻画,提高了月降水的精度。(2)订正后日降水量均...