石笋碳酸盐假性热释光:古环境的新指标

海相碳酸盐热释光灵敏地响应冰期-间冰期地球气候变化,是一个新的古海洋代用指标,但是否适用于陆地沉积物,尚缺少研究.通过测定湖北清江穿心洞石笋(CX-1)碳酸盐热释光和氧同位素组成,探讨石笋热释光的发光机制,开发热释光作为陆地古环境的替代指标,发现空气环境中检测的石笋碳酸盐热释光主要是发光有机质氧化产生的化学发光,为假性热释光.石笋中发光有机质来源于土壤中有机物的降解,其含量与太阳辐射调控的土壤温度有关;热释光曲线与其对应的氧同位素曲线变化趋势相似.因而,石笋碳酸盐假性热释光是反映过去环境变化的一个新指标.      

Dating Fault Activity Based on Surface Texture of Quartz Grains from the Bailong River Fault

Much important information referring to fault motion （e.g., fault activities period, intensity, frequency, and even dynamic background） can be revealed by resolving fault gouge, which is the result of fault motion while extruding or grinding. The field investigation encompassed sample collecting from the Bailong River fault system of the western segment of the Qinling Orogenic Belt （QOB）; 44 samples of fault gouges were collected for quartz micro-morphology analysis. These samples were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. In addition, 14 samples were tested for thermo-luminescence dating. The results showed that most of the surface textures of quartz grains are characterized by fish scale, moss-like texture, and stalactite. However, a small amount of orange peel-like fractures and worm-hole-like shaped surface texture were observed. Moreover, a few typical conchoids or subconchoidal fractures in quartz grains can be seen. This implies that the Bailong River Fault was active repeatedly during the Quaternary period, but the main motion period is the Pleistocene. The 14 thermo-luminescence dating values showed two age groups： 343.29-184.06 ka and 92.18-13.87 ka. These study data reveal that fault movement started during the Pliocene, occurred frequently in the early-middle period of the Pleistocene, and the peak frequency of the motion was reached in the early Pleistocene. The fault motions were stopped terminated in the early Holocene. The results are significant for the natural disaster risk evaluation in the western segment of the QOB.     

白洋淀和密云水库野生鲤鱼耳石热释光特征研究

鱼耳石的主体由生命矿物文石组成，其研究在过去二三十年中已取得了不少成果，但是将热释光技术用于鱼耳石的研究未见报道。本文对生长在河北白洋淀和北京密云水库的野生鲤鱼耳石的热释光曲线特征进行了研究，分析了两水域野生鲤鱼耳石中陷阱深度（E）值的差别。热释光测试结果显示，白洋淀10颗鲤鱼耳石样品热释光曲线的峰点温度（T）、发光强度（J）、积分强度（S）和半高宽（w）的均值大于密云水库，而且前者热释光曲线各参数值和E值的稳定程度均不如后者。分析还表明白洋淀鱼耳石在不同温度下的电子和空穴的逃逸几率（α）均大于密云水库。据调查，白洋淀各水体较密云水库水体的环境复杂，污染程度高。研究结果表明，鱼耳石的热释光曲线特征对鱼所生长的水体水质和水环境相当敏感，通过更深入研究，可能成为水质和水环境的重要标型。     

方解石三维热释光特性研究

热释光的产生与晶格缺陷有关,而晶格缺陷是由晶格生长过程中的缺损,生长过程中杂质离子的混入,以及核辐射造成完整晶格的损伤等多种方式产生的.因此,天然矿物的热释光性质是矿物晶格缺陷的物性特征之一.本文选择了9个来自不同产地,化学组成略有不同的天然方解石,对其进行了化学组分和经X射线辐照的三维热释光谱测试,并对测试结果进行了分析讨论.结果 表明,方解石的热释光发光主要是由Mn2+引起的,发光的强度、峰温的数值与Mn的浓度和猝灭剂(Fe,Co,Ni)的浓度都相关.另外,文中对方解石发光曲线的热释光陷阱深度进行了定量计算,得到其可能存在的陷阱深度分别为1.0～1.1 eV、1.4 eV和1.7 eV.此外,通过对比方解石样品天然热释光和人工X射线辐照产生的热释光发现人工辐照可以使晶体结构中受俘获电子进行重新分布.     

东昆仑南部西大滩断裂的地震鼓包及形成时代

在昆仑山南部西大滩与东大滩谷地,沿西大滩活动断裂发育大量串珠状斜列分布的地震鼓包,与不同类型的地震破裂、地震楔、地震陡坎和地震凹陷伴生,在探槽剖面表现为全新世砂土层和晚更新世砾石层的背斜褶皱变形;地震鼓包长轴走向290°~300°,与西大滩活动断裂呈10°~20°交角,锐角指示西大滩断裂左旋走滑运动方向。对探槽剖面不同层位的沉积物、断层破碎带和地震崩积楔分别取样,进行热释光和光释光测年,发现西大滩断裂的地震鼓包主要形成于全新世早期,对应于10.2ka BP、8.6~8.7ka BP、7.0ka BP、6.10ka BP4期古地震事件。估算西大滩断裂全新世早期强烈地震的复发周期为0.9~1.7ka,断裂左旋走滑速率为5.3~10.0mm/a,平均约7.7mm/a。全新世晚期西大滩断裂的构造活动性显著减弱,强烈地震向南迁移至库赛湖断裂。