江西柘林水库春季浮游藻类、叶绿素a与环境因子的分布、关系及意义

江西柘林水库是长江中游的大型峡谷型旅游性水库,库容79.2×10~8m~3,长115 km.2015年4月在56 km的中心库区走航和定点测量了水库表层水体浮游藻类、叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度与溶解无机氮(DIN)浓度、溶解无机磷(DIP)浓度、溶解硅(DSi)浓度、水温、浊度和溶解氧浓度等环境因子的分布特征.结果表明:1)水库属于中营养水体,表层主要浮游藻类(细胞丰度1000 cells/L)有34种,平均生物量为0.41 mg/L.主要优势藻类(优势度≥0.02)为硅藻和蓝藻,藻类组成与DIN浓度、DIP浓度、DSi浓度和水温等环境因子关系密切,4种因子对藻类结构的解释水平达60%以上.2)水库水体Chl.a浓度具有显著的次表层叶绿素最大值(SCM)现象,SCM层深度为3~8 m,厚度为2~7 m,SCM层占整个水体的25.2%~74.1%.SCM层的藻类对营养盐吸收消耗致使DIN、DIP和DSi浓度下降,同时藻类的产氧使溶解氧浓度增加.3)水库对DSi具有显著的生物过滤器效应,中、上层约有11%~12%的DSi被生物吸收利用,从上游至下游,累积约有21%的DSi被藻类吸收沉降于库底.4)人类氮、磷排放对水库生态和水质有严重影响,毗邻县城区域水体的Chl.a和DIP浓度分别是自然河段的2.9倍和3倍左右.     

稳健的CRTSⅢ轨道板关键面提取算法

针对CRTSⅢ轨道板关键面提取易受和关键面相连的离群点（OCTKP）影响的问题,提出了基于最大值准则的轨道板关键面提取方法,为承轨台的空间位置和姿态的确定提供了技术支撑。轨道板关键面为各承轨台的承轨面及其左右挡肩面,均为平面。该方法通过首先通过提出的最大值判断准则将大部分OCTKP排除在外,以避免这部分点对单位权中误差计算的影响,然后再采用基于IGGⅢ方案的稳健平面算法获取轨道板的关键面,并用模拟数据确定了判断OCTKP的阈值。采用实测点云进行试验,基于最大值准则的轨道板关键面提取方法能准确获取CRTSⅢ轨道板所有关键面,这些关键面的平均姿态偏差为0.09°,平均距离偏差为7.8 mm,满足了承轨台的空间位置和姿态确定的需要。这些关键面中权值非零的点到拟合平面的平均距离为0.1 mm,与直接采用IGGⅢ方案的稳健平面提取方法相比,点到待拟合平面的距离精度提高了83.3%。     

延川南地区煤储层特征及煤层和井区优选评价

以延川南地区煤层气井的实验测试数据为基础,采用地质类比法对煤层的含气性及其他储层物性特征进行了对比分析,然后利用最大值标准化法和灰色关联系数法得出单煤层和井区的综合评价分数,并据此对井区进行了综合评价。结果表明,区内甲烷浓度高、含气量大、孔隙性能好、煤层厚度大,但含气饱和度和渗透率低,需要对储层做进一步的压裂改造;通过灰色关联分析,认为各因素的相关关联序为含气量〉含气饱和度〉渗透率〉储层压力〉煤厚〉埋深〉孔隙度〉甲烷浓度,2号煤的开发条件优于10号煤,各井区中以y-3、y-16及y-6井的综合评价值较高,是下一步井网布局和煤层气开发的首选井区。     

海洋次表层叶绿素最大值的特征因子及其影响因素

在多数情况下,海水中叶绿素垂直分布是不均匀的。次表层叶绿素最大值是其中较为常见的一种形式,普遍存在于大洋及沿岸海域。次表层叶绿素最大值层(SCML)的深度、厚度与强度是表征海洋次表层叶绿素最大值(SCM)现象的主要特征因子,受海洋水文环境、营养盐分布以及浮游植物种类等因素共同影响,在不同季节不同海区的分布有较大差异。总体上,相对近海,大洋中SCML特征因子的季节变化较小,SCML深度较大,厚度较大,强度较小。寡营养盐海区SCML深度及强度的影响因素研究已有较明确结论,SCML深度主要受物理因素(光照条件及水体混合程度)影响,而强度则受物理、生物因素(光照条件、水体混合程度或浮游动物摄食等)共同影响。近海富营养盐海区,SCML特征因子的影响因素研究较为薄弱。长时间序列、高分辨率观测站在相应海区的建立,对推进海洋SCM,尤其是近海SCM的研究有重要意义。卫星观测、现场观测和数学模型相结合,定量研究SCML特征因子与各物理、生物、化学因子的普适性关系,是进一步研究SCML特征因子的重要方向之一。     

关于城市暴雨强度公式推求的研究

城市暴雨强度公式的准确性直接影响着城市排水管网的规划设计,老一代的暴雨强度公式已经不能正确反映当地的降雨规律,亟需重新修订。本文以郑州市降雨资料为例,采用年最大值法选样和年多个样法选样对公式进行推求,通过对比分析发现年最大值法操作简单,误差更小,该方法有利于新一轮暴雨强度公式修编的普及。     

基于潘氏极大值原理的边坡稳定性的整体分析法

基于整体分析法和潘家铮最大值原理,建立了求解给定滑面安全系数的非线性优化模型。该模型将安全系数和滑面法向应力视为独立变量,目标函数就是安全系数本身,约束条件包括平衡方程、滑面法向应力和条间推力不负,以及推力线位于滑体之内。由于目标函数又仅是线性函数,且约束函数至多是二次多项式函数,所以该模型的非线性程度较低,具有良好的收敛性,可利用经典的优化算法进行求解。     

2008年夏季南海北部海区生物光学特性的垂向变化特征

Vertical variability in the bio-optical properties of seawater in the northern South China Sea(NSCS) including inherent optical properties(IOPs) and chlorophyll a concentration(Chl) were studied on the basis of in situ data collected in summer 2008 using an absorption/attenuation spectrophotometer. An empirical model was developed to estimate Chl profiles based on the absorption line height at long wavelengths, with a relative root mean square error of 37.03%. Bio-optical properties exhibited large horizontal and vertical spatial variability. As influenced by coastal upwelling and the Zhujiang River(Pearl River) discharge, both IOPs and Chl exhibited high values in the surface waters of the inner shelf, which tended to decrease with distance offshore. Subsurface maximum layers of IOPs and Chl were observed in the middle and outer shelf regions, along with significantly higher values of attenuation coefficients beneath this layer that rapidly increased towards the bottom. In the open ocean, both IOPs and Chl exhibited consistent variability, with the subsurface maximum layer typically located at34–84 m. Phytoplankton were found to be one of the major components in determining the vertical variability of bio-optical properties, with their vertical dynamics influenced by both physical forcing and light attenuation effects. The depth of the subsurface maximum layer was found to be closely related to the fluctuation of the oceanic thermocline and the depth of the euphotic zone, which also affected the total integrated biomass of the upper ocean. Typically high values of attenuation coefficients observed in the bottom waters of the continental shelf reflected the transport of particulate matter over the bottom boundary layer. Our results reveal large spatial differences in bio-optical profiles in response to complex marine ecodynamics in the NSCS. From the perspective of marine research, high-resolution optical measurements are clearly advantageous over conventional bottle sampling.     

河南省植被指数变化特征研究

为了研究河南省植被指数变化特征,采用最大值合成法(MVC)对MODIS-NDVI和MODIS-EVI两种指数产品进行处理,然后进行时空变化分析,得到归一化植被指数(NDVI)与增强型植被指数(EVI)两种指数产品的特点,实验结果表明:1)在时间分布特征上,两种植被指数均随季节呈现规律性变化,并且最大值均出现在7月或8月,但EVI相比NDVI更具季节性规律,能够更好地反映高植被覆盖区的植被季节性变化特征;2)在空间分布特征上,两种植被指数的区域性都非常明显,但在高植被覆盖区,NDVI出现饱和现象,而EVI未出现饱和现象。     

印尼爪哇上升流海域次表层叶绿素最大值层的浮游植物色素分布特征

Upwelling occurs on the coast of Java between June and October, forced by local alongshore winds associated with the southeasterly monsoon. This causes variations in phytoplankton community composition in the upwelling zone compared with the surrounding offshore area. Based on pigments analysis with subsequent calculations of group contributions to total chlorophyll a(Chl a) using CHEMTAX, we studied the distribution and composition of phytoplankton assemblages in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum along the south coast of Java and the influence of upwelling. Nineteen phytoplankton pigments were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography, and CHEMTAX analysis associated these to ten major phytoplankton groups. The phytoplankton community in the coastal area influenced by upwelling was characterized by high Chl a and fucoxanthin concentrations, indicating the dominance of diatoms. In contrast, in the offshore area, the Chl a and fucoxanthin concentrations declined to very low levels and the community was dominated by haptophytes represented by 19′-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin. Accordingly, microphytoplankton was found to be the major size class in the coastal area influenced by upwelling, while nanophytoplankton was most abundant in the offshore area. Low concentrations of other accessory pigments indicated less contribution from dinoflagellates,prasinophytes, chlorophytes and cryptophytes. Photo-pigment indices revealed that photosynthetic carotenoids(PSCs) were the largest component of the pigment pool, exceeding the proportion of Chl a, with the average PSCTP up to 0.62. These distribution trends can mainly be explained by phytoplankton adaption strategies to upwelling and subsurface conditions by changing species composition and adjusting the pigment pool.     

一种基于梯度最大值相位相关的航空影像自动配准算法

图像配准是将不同时期、不同视点或从不同传感器获得的同一地域目标的图像对准的过程[1-5],其主要目的是消除或减少参考图像和待配准图像之间由于成像条件不同所引起的几何形变,从而获得具有几何一致性的两幅图像。本文针对基于灰度图像配准算法中传统的梯度配准法执行效率低的