时空多点连续定向取心技术应用研究

为解决以往定向仪不抗振、岩样采取率不高等问题，利用时间与钻孔空间位置对应的关系，研制成功了KD型定向仪。详细介绍了该定向仪的基本构成、技术参数及现场应用情况。     

孟湾槽在百色市异常降雪天气中的作用

通过对1983年12月28日、2002年12月26日百色市两次异常降雪天气过程的对比分析,发现冬季孟加拉湾槽的发展东移在其中起到了关键性的作用。由于孟加拉湾槽前暖湿气流强盛,这种强盛的西南暖湿气流在低空冷空气堆(冷锋)上发生强烈的系统性上升运动,从而导致百色市及其邻近地区出现异常的雨雪天气。     

Possible Impacts of the Arctic Oscillation on the Interdecadal Variation of Summer Monsoon Rainfall in East Asia

The influences of the wintertime AO (Arctic Oscillation) on the interdecadal variation of summer monsoon rainfall in East Asia were examined. An interdecadal abrupt change was found by the end of the 1970s in the variation of the AO index and the leading principal component time series of the summer rainfall in East Asia, The rainfall anomaly changed from below normal to above normal in central China, the southern part of northeastern China and the Korean peninsula around 1978. However,the opposite interdecadal variation was found in the rainfall anomaly in North China and South China.The interdecadal variation of summer rainfall is associated with the weakening of the East Asia summer monsoon circulation. It is indicated that the interdecadal variation of the AO exerts an influence on the weakening of the monsoon circulation. The recent trend in the AO toward its high-index polarity during the past two decades plays important roles in the land-sea contrast anomalies and wintertime precipitation anomaly. The mid- and high-latitude regions of the Asian continent are warming, while the low-latitude regions are cooling in winter and spring along with the AO entering its high-index polarity after the late 1970s. In the meantime, the precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and South China is excessive, implying an increase of soil moisture. The cooling tendency of the land in the southern part of Asia will persist until summer because of the memory of soil moisture. So the warming of the Asian continent is relatively slow in summer. Moreover, the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean which are located southward and eastward of the Asian land, are warming from winter to summer. This suggests that the contrast between the land and sea is decreased in summer. The interdecadal decrease of the land-sea heat contrast finally leads to the weakening of the East Asia summer monsoon circulation.     

“龙舟水”泛滥成百年一遇的特大洪灾

2005年的“龙舟水”泛滥南粤,6月18-25日持续一周的特大致洪暴雨过程,使广东省遭遇了百年一遇的洪水灾害。受高空槽、切变线和西南季风共同影响,广东省出现了较大范围连续性特大暴雨和强降水,其中,龙门县录得的过程累积雨量1300.2 mm。再加上珠江流域各大江河上游洪水的不断涌入和天文大潮的顶托,西江水位急剧上涨,6月23日中午-24日早晨,西江的封开、德庆、高要分别超警戒水位8.92 m、6.58m、2.68 m,流量达到56300m3/S,北江清远超警戒水位2.18 m。暴洪、泥石流、塌方、洪涝等自然灾害,成片出现在广东的河源、韶关、肇庆、惠州、清远、汕尾、珠海等地区的乡镇,17个市89个县(市、区)762个乡(镇)受灾,受灾人口441.6万人,直接经济损失45.2亿元人民币,特大暴雨造成京九铁路多处地段发生土方溜坍,被迫中断行车10多天。受暴雨和天文大潮夹击,广州珠江最高潮位超过基面2 m。江水漫进广州城,市内低洼地多处水浸超过1 m,南岸的铁轨一度被大水淹没,沿江路、滨江路等大马路水深盈尺,风景如画的小岛沙面顿成水泽。暴雨令著名风景区白云山出现20多处塌方,也令白云机场几度关闭。     

西藏直孔水电站大坝混凝土防渗墙超前支护成槽试验研究及施工

在西藏直孔水电站松散砂卵石地层混凝土防渗墙成槽施工中，结合坝基水文地质及工程地质特点，创造性地提出了超前支护成槽方案，通过三维应力模拟和渗透试验，结合现场生产试验，对原方案更进一步完善，在施工中加以应用获得了成功。     

豫西甘山第四纪冰斗系统的发现及其与MIS的耦合关系分析

在调查东亚冷槽西壁冰川遗迹及其海拔梯度的过程中,发现了甘山冰斗系统与磨光面、擦痕、漂砾等冰川遗迹。进而对该冰斗系统进行成因分析的过程中,发现了冰斗系统的"冰斗环退"的形成方式。以此为基础,就甘山冰斗系统与MIS之间的耦合关系进行了对比分析。研究表明,甘山冰斗系统是以"冰斗环退"方式形成的,该冰斗环退系统完整展现了我国东部第四纪冰川作用的过程,对研究冰期的雪线高程、环境演化规律、冰川作用的进退等,都有着极其重要的意义。在"冰斗环退"的研究基础上,发现了对应的"冰斗环进"机制。冰斗环进代表了冰川作用由高向低推进过程,冰斗环退代表了冰川作用由低向高撤退过程。通过影像分析,初步将甘山冰斗系统划分四段,共解析出了50余套冰斗环,冰川作用的时代可追溯到2.56 Ma。根据冰斗的环进、环退特征,进而发现C28冰斗环所对应MIS56,也即1.60Ma,可能为我国第四纪冰川作用过程中的冰进向冰退演化的重要拐点。     

2017年春季季风间期南海中北部浮游植物生长与微型浮游动物摄食

Phytoplankton growth rates and mortality rates were experimentally examined at 21 stations during the 2017 spring intermonsoon(April to early May) in the northern and central South China Sea(SCS) using the dilution technique, with emphasis on a comparison between the northern and central SCS areas which had different environmental factors. There had been higher temperature but lower nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations in the central SCS than those in the northern SCS. The mean rates of phytoplankton growth(μ_0) and microzooplankton grazing(m) were(0.88±0.33) d~(–1) and(0.55±0.22) d~(–1) in the central SCS, and both higher than those in the northern SCS with the values of μ_0((0.81±0.16) d~(–1)) and m((0.30±0.09) d~(–1)), respectively.Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates were significantly coupled in both areas. The microzooplankton grazing impact(m/μ_0) on phytoplankton was also higher in the central SCS(0.63±0.12) than that in the northern SCS(0.37±0.06). The microzooplankton abundance was significantly correlated with temperature in the surface. Temperature might more effectively promote the microzooplankton grazing rate than phytoplankton growth rate, which might contribute to higher m and m/μ_0 in the central SCS. Compared with temperature, nutrients mainly affected the growth rate of phytoplankton. In the nutrient enrichment treatment,the phytoplankton growth rate(μn) was higher than μ_0 in the central SCS, suggesting phytoplankton growth in the central SCS was nutrient limited. The ratio of μ_0/μn was significantly correlated with nutrients concentrations in the both areas, indicating the limitation of nutrients was related to the concentrations of background nutrients in the study stations.     

潮汐和风对马六甲海峡海流的影响

基于非结构有限体积法海洋模型FVCOM(Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model), 建立了马六甲海峡及其毗邻海域高分辨率水动力数值模型, 研究了风和潮流作用下的余环流结构以及水体输运特征。结果表明, 马六甲海峡航道中央潮流运动以往复流为主, 边缘存在旋转流; 主要研究区域内落潮流速略大于涨潮流速, 东南窄道处流速最大; 因峡道束窄变浅, 在涨落潮过程中潮流发生汇聚与分离; 主要研究区域东南段存在3个显著的潮致余环流; 东北季风驱动时模型响应为海峡海流整体向西北方向流动, 西南季风时反之; 季风期间潮致表层余环流结构被破坏, 但底层余流仍存在水平环流结构, 且随着风速增加, 底层余环流的数目、大小、形状、位置均会产生变化; 季风过渡期余环流结构也会发生部分改变, 尤其是小潮期间风场影响效果显著。     

2008年南海季风爆发前后西沙海域海气通量变化特征

基于2008年4至5月在南海西沙永兴岛进行的海气通量观测试验资料和NCEP资料,应用COARE3.0通量算法计算了海气通量,分析了季风爆发前后西沙海域天气变化特点和海气通量对南海季风爆发的响应。结果表明:2008年南海季风首先于5月第1候在南海南部爆发,受热带气旋等因素的影响,北部海区季风爆发推迟到5月18日。季风爆发和热带气旋活动对西沙海域的风速和海气通量影响较大,其中热带气旋的影响更强烈。热带气旋来临之前,潜热通量、感热通量以及动量通量均较小;在气旋活动及此后的季风爆发时期,大风使潜热通量和动量通量显著增强,感热通量则在降水期间变化明显;动量通量的最大值出现在热带气旋活动期间,其在此过程中的均值是观测初期均值的3倍以上。在整个观测过程中,潜热通量明显大于感热通量,后者是前者的16∶1。不同类型天气过程中,潜热通量的日变化相似,而感热通量的日变化有差异。湍流交换系数与风速有较好的相关关系。