Provenance of Precambrian Fe- and Al-rich Metapelites in the Yenisey Ridge and Kuznetsk Alatau, Siberia： Geochemical Signatures

Major, trace and rare earth element contents of Fe- and Al-rich metapelites from the Korda （Yenisey Ridge） and Amar （Kuznetsk Alatau） formations were determined to examine the nature, origin and evolution of their protoliths. Results indicate that these rocks are the redeposited and metamorphosed products of Precambrian kaolinitic weathering crusts, while the geochemical distinctions between the studied metapelites are determined by different weathering conditions in the source area and tectonic settings. The protolith of the Korda Formation metapelites was produced by erosion products of the post-Archean granitoid rocks, which accumulated under humid climate conditions in shallow-water basins along the continental margin. The geochemical characteristics of the deeper primary deposits of the Amar Formation suggest that volcanogenic material of mafic composition derived from an island-arc environment had a major role in supplying the erosion zone. These results agree with lithofacies data and with the geodynamic reconstruction of the evolution of the Yenisey Ridge and Kuznetsk Alatau during the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic, respectively. It was shown that REEs had limited mobility during contact metamorphism. The coherent mobility of REEs during collisional metamorphism may be attributed both to mineral reactions responsible for modal changes and to local chemical heterogeneity inherited from the initial protolith.     

Hydrogeochemical processes of thallium in a rural area of Southwest Guizhou, China

The water system in a rural area of Lanmuchang in Southwest Guizhou is facing a risk of thallium (Tl) contamination due to Tl mineralization around the area. The major trace elements and Tl in the water system are studied to understand the hydrogeochemical processes of Tl constrained by Tl mineralization. The results showed that the dispersion pattern of Tl follows a descending order in concentration from mine groundwater (deep groundwater) →stream water→shallow groundwater→background water, reflecting the impact of Tl mineralization on the hydrogeochemical composition. Tl concentrations in stream water in both regimes are remarkably higher (2-30 fold) downstream than up- and mid-streams, probably caused by the unidentified discharge of deep groundwater. Low Tl levels are detected in the current drinking water, however, the highly elevated Tl in stream water and ground water may pose a potential environmental risk through daily washing and agricultural irrigation. This study suggests that human activities, such as agricultural irrigation, could intensify the environmental risk of Tl.     

Geochemical characteristics of crude oils from Well Zheng-1 in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China

Well Zheng-1 is located in the combined area of the central uplift and the north Tianshan piedmont depression in the Junggar Basin. Two oil-bearing beds are recognized at 4788–4797 m of the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Formation (K1tg) and 4808.5–4812.5 m of the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation (J1s). The geochemical characteristics of family composition, carbon isotopic composition, saturated hydrocarbons, sterane and terpane biomarkers and carotane of two crude oils are described in this paper. The results show that the geochemical characteristics of the two crude oils are basically similar to each other, indicating they were all derived mainly from the high mature, brine, algae-rich lake facies sediments. Oil-source correlation revealed that crude oils of the two beds were derived mainly from the source rocks of Permian and mixed by the oil derived from the source rocks of Jurassic and Triassic. This is consistent with the geological background with several sets of source rocks in the area studied.     

《地震地磁观测与研究》

《地震地磁观测与研究》由中国地震台网中心与中国地震学会地震观测技术专业委员会联合主办。是从事地震、地磁、空间物理观测和研究的地球物理专业工作者及地震台站管理人员进行工作、科研的重要参考文献。     

甚低频电磁法龙头山银铅锌矿床勘查中的应用

随着找矿、勘探与开发生产实践的不断深入,表露矿与浅部矿渐趋减少,找矿难度逐渐增大,找到一种简捷、迅速的勘查、探矿方式,迫在眉睫.根据实践证明,甚低频电磁法是较为理想的选择.在运用甚低频电磁法时,通过对所测数据进行Fraser滤波等技术处理,并且结合矿区地质研究控矿规律及矿体赋存规律,从而有效地圈定掩盖区异常地质体及其产状和展布方向,预测矿体空间赋存部位,为深部找矿提供依据.     

预测华北地区年度地震趋势的支持向量机分类方法

以太阳黑子数、地球自转速率变化数据和全球7级以上地震应变释放量作为预测因子,使用支持向量机分类方法建模预测中国华北地区年度地震强度,预测准确率为0.93,表明该方法具有较好的预测效果.     

固体地球观向流体地球观的概念更新

长时间内人们把地球看成为一个固体星球，忽视流体在地球动力学中非常重要的作用.在本文中我们将列举一系列的资料来证明它.此流体由H\|A\|C\|O\|N\|S组成.H (氢, 卤素和热), A (碱金属, 例如 Na, K等.), C (碳), O (氧), N (氮), S (硫族).此流体从深部外地核H, H2流向上进入地幔演化为H\|HACONS, 向上到上地幔演化为A\|HACONS, 向上进入地壳后演化为O\|HACONS. 此流体可以使固体地幔，地壳发生弱化，变软，熔融和排气，结果造成地球动力学及大地构造运动和众多自然灾害.     

青藏高原木苟日王新生代火山岩地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成——底侵基性岩浆地幔源区性质的探讨

藏北羌塘木苟日王新生代火山岩主要岩石类型为玄武岩和安山玄武岩，地球化学研究表明该套岩石表现出低SiO₂（51～54%），高Mg、Cr和Ni等幔源岩浆的特征;岩石轻稀土中度富集,具弱负铕异常,发育Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素的负异常.其低的Sm/Yb值（Sm/Yb = 3.07 ～ 4.35）表明它们应来源于软流圈地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的局部熔融.岩石87Sr/86Sr = 0.705339 ～ 0.705667， ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.8192 ～ 38.8937， ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.6093 ～ 15.6245，²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.6246 ～ 18.6383，而¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.512604 ～ 0.512639，ε_Nd 值近于0（＋0.02～ －0.66），与典型的地幔端元BSE（地球总成分点）十分类似.岩石Δ8/4Pb＝66.82～74.53，△7/4Pb＝9.88～11.42，ΔSr>50，具典型的DUPAL异常,这些地球化学特征表明木苟日王高钾钙碱性基性火山岩可能源于受俯冲流体交代的亲冈瓦纳软流圈地幔的部分熔融.结合该区新生代高钾钙碱性中酸性火山岩地球化学和地球物理资料,文中进一步提出,由于拉萨地块的北向俯冲作用,俯冲流体交代软流圈地幔诱发其部分熔融形成以木苟日王火山岩为代表的高钾钙碱性基性岩浆,这些基性岩浆对羌塘地块岩石圈的底侵作用对于羌塘地块新生代埃达克质高钾钙碱性中     

苏门达腊大地震激发的地球自由振荡及其谱线分裂的检测与讨论

2004年12月26日的苏门达腊大地震不仅产生了印度洋大海啸, 还激发了地球自由振荡. 武汉台C0-32超导重力仪记录到这次大地震激发的地球自由振荡信号. 通过对C0-32超导重力仪观测资料的预处理和谱分析, 不仅检测到42个基频振型和2个径向振型, 还较系统地检测到49个谐频振型和12个振型的谱峰分裂. 通过对检测到的谐频振型及异常谱峰分裂现象的讨论, 发现内核顶部的刚度是低于目前地球模型的理论估值, 但内核顶部压缩波速的各向异性却是高于目前学者的估测值. 这表明地球内核的各向异性远比目前所认识的复杂, 可能在地球内核的形成及演化过程中还存在新的地球物理现象.     

空间电磁环境研究在军事上的应用

由磁层、电离层和高层大气组成的近地空间系统是现代战争和未来战争活动的主要空间领域，地磁场和地球电磁环境与军事通信、遥感侦察、导航定位以及高空核打击等军事行动有着密切的关系.本文根据已经公开发表于学术刊物的材料，对比分析高空核爆炸产生的人工辐射带和天然辐射带的主要特点以及灾害性空间天气事件（如亚暴和磁暴）对空间飞行器的损害，简要介绍电离层骚扰和不均匀性对通信的影响，探讨地磁场在导航定位中的可能应用.