大气CO_2浓度升高对海洋浮游植物影响的研究进展

工业的迅速发展、化石燃料的燃烧、森林的大量砍伐等引起大气中温室气体,特别是CO2的浓度逐年上升,据预测,到本世纪中叶大气CO2浓度将达到目前的2倍,即达到700μL L-1[1]。由CO2等微量气体浓度增加所造成的“温室效应”已成为影响全球变化的一个重要而又不可忽视的因素。近几年来通过“全球海洋通量的联合研究”表明,海洋对大气中CO2的净吸收主要是通过一系列被称为“生物泵”的生物学过程来实现,其中海洋浮游植物通过光合作用把海水中溶解态CO2转化为颗粒态是“生物泵”中一个重要的生物化学过程[2],可见海洋浮游植物对海洋回收大气C…     

华北地区冬小麦光合作用的光响应曲线的特征参数

在冬小麦各生育期测定了田间叶片光合作用速率及其相应的气象要素, 拟合了各生育期的光合作用的光响应曲线.得出它们的几个特征参数:初始量子效率、最大光合速率和凸度.在华北地区冬小麦的整个生育期, 初始量子效率大多在0.050~0.075之间变化, 最大光合速率在5~25 μmol·m-2·s-1之间变化.表明初始量子效率随生育期的变化不大, 最大光合速率在营养生长期较高, 为20~25 μmol·m-2·s-1, 在生殖生长期, 随着叶片氮、磷、钾等营养元素含量的下降, 叶片的最大光合速率显著降低.     

毛乌素沙地油蒿群落演替的生理生态学机制

对毛乌素沙地稀疏阶段、建成阶段和衰老阶段的油蒿群落的野外观测实验结果表明,不同演替阶段的油蒿群落对环境的适应性和生理生态特性表现出明显的差异。随群落盖度的增加,0—20 cm土层中土壤含水量明显增加,而在20—80 cm范围内有所下降。与稀疏阶段和建成阶段的油蒿群落相比,衰老阶段的油蒿群落的平均净光合速率低,光饱合点低,光能及水分利用效率最低,并且日变化过程也表现出受到了明显环境胁迫。在不同的演替阶段,油蒿的气孔导度与植物水势均呈线性相关。随植物水势的降低,处于衰老阶段的油蒿气孔导度降低速率最快。结合气孔导度和水分循环的关系,还初步探讨了毛乌素沙地油蒿群落演替的主要驱动因子。     

成语、俗语与“生态系统”教学

太阳光照是植物光合作用的必要条件。喜光植物(如马尾松、侧柏、桉树)必须有充足的阳光才能生长或长得良好,它们一般生长较快,叶小及节间短。而喜阴植物(如冷杉、黄扬、春兰)其生长过程也并非不要阳光,只不过它们喜欢在蔽荫环境中生长,它们的叶往往大而薄。枝叶较密,一般生长缓慢,寿命较长。纵使长年生长在阴暗山洞里的一些植物。也需要一定的阳光。     

生物肥部分替代化肥对甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)养分吸收、光合作用以及品质的影响

采用大田试验,研究了化肥减量20%~40%、配施生物肥对春茬甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)生长、养分吸收利用、光合作用以及品质的影响。结果表明:与当地施肥量(底肥:N 139.2kg·hm-2,P2O5255kg·hm-2,K2O 93.6kg·hm-2;追肥:N 208.8kg·hm-2)相比,化肥减量并配施生物肥使甘蓝生长前期、后期的茎粗变小;对甘蓝的叶片数、冠幅投影面积无显著影响;叶片的气孔导度、净光合速率均与对照无显著差异;促进了甘蓝叶球生长,叶球中硝酸盐和可溶性固形物含量降低,Vc含量增加;甘蓝叶球、叶片和根系氮含量降低,氮在叶球分配的比例提高,在叶片、根系分配的比例降低。化肥减量并配施生物肥提高了幼苗株高、增加了茎粗,气孔导度和净光合速率升高,降低了硝酸盐和可溶性固形物含量、叶球氮含量和根系的钾含量。     

三亚造礁石珊瑚虫黄藻光合作用效率的日周期及其调控因素

珊瑚与虫黄藻的共生是珊瑚礁生态系统最基本的生态特征,虫黄藻光合作用效率直接决定着珊瑚的健康状况。本研究对海南三亚鹿回头珊瑚礁礁坪上5种典型珊瑚(澄黄滨珊瑚Porites lutea、丛生盔形珊瑚Galaxea fascicularis、标准蜂巢珊瑚Favia speciosa、多弯角蜂巢珊瑚Goniastrea favulus和伞房鹿角珊瑚Acropora corymbosa)共生藻的实际光量子产量ΦPSⅡ进行了连续5日的现场监测,并同时监测了该海域的7种环境参数(温度、盐度、溶解氧、pH、海水中二氧化碳分压pCO2、辐射和潮位),旨在探索鹿回头海域珊瑚共生虫黄藻光合作用的日变化规律及其调控因素。结果表明,珊瑚共生虫黄藻光合作用效率和各环境参数都存在明显的日变化,但共生藻光合作用效率主要受光合有效辐射强度(photosynthetic active radiation,PAR)所调控,其次是温度和潮位变化。澄黄滨珊瑚的共生藻光合作用最易受到环境因素的影响。     

Effects of rice straw on the cell viability,photosynthesis, and growth of Microcystis aeruginosa

Rice straw is supposed to be an environment-friendly biomaterial for inhibiting the growth of harmful blooms of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. However, its potential mechanism is not well known. To explore this mechanism, the growth, cell viability （esterase activity, membrane potential, and membrane integrity）, photosynthesis, and cell size ofM. aeruginosa were determined using flow cytometry and Phyto-PAM after exposure to rice straw extracts （RSE）. The results show that doses from 2.0 to 10.0 g/L of RSE efficiently inhibited the alga for 15 days, while the physiologic and morphologic responses of the cyanobacteria were time-dependent. RSE interfered with the cell membrane potential, cell size, and in vivo chlorophyll-a fluorescence on the first day. After 7 days of exposure, RSE was transported into the cytosol, which disrupted enzyme activity and photosynthesis. The cyanobacteria then started to repair its physiology （enzyme activity, photosynthesis） and remained viable, suggesting that rice straw act as an algistatic agent.     

Distribution of dissolved oxygen and causes of maximum concentration in the Bering Sea in July 2010

According to data obtained in the Bering Sea during the 4th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition, the distribution of dissolved oxygen(DO) was studied, causes of its maximum concentration were discussed, and the relationships between DO and other parameters, such as salinity, temperature, and chlorophyll a were analyzed. The results showed DO concentration ranged from 0.53 to 12.05 mg/L in the Bering Sea basin. The upper waters contained high concentrations and the maximum occurred at the depth range from 20 to 50 m. The DO concentration decreased rapidly when the depth was deeper than 200 m and reached the minimum at the depth range from 500 to 1 000 m, and then increased slowly with the depth increasing but still kept at a low level. On the shelf, the DO concentration ranged from 6.53 to 16.63 mg/L with a mean value of 10.75 mg/L, and showed a characteristic of decreasing from north to south. The DO concentration was higher in the area between the Bering Sea and Lawrence Island and was lower in the southeast and southwest of Lawrence Island at the latitude of 62°N. The formation of maximum DO concentration was concerned with phytoplankton photosynthesis and formation of the themocline. To the south of Sta. B07 in the Bering Sea basin, the oxygen produced by photosynthesis permeated to the deeper water and the themocline made it difficult to exchange vertically, and to the north of Sta. B07, the maximum DO concentration occurred above the themocline due to phytoplankton activities. On the shelf, the oxygen produced by phytoplankton photosynthesis gathered at the bottom of the thermocline and formed the DO maximum concentration. In the Bering Sea basin, the DO and salinity showed a weak negative correlation(r=0.40) when the salinity was lower than 33.1, a significant negative correlation(r=0.92) when the salinity ranged from 33.1 to 33.7, and an irregular reversed parabola(r=0.95) when the salinity was greater than 33.7.     

不同地下水埋深下骆驼刺幼苗叶片生理参数光响应特性

为探讨地下水位变化对骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.)幼苗生长发育的影响,2008年9月在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘绿洲外围,利用Li-6400光合作用仪测定了人工控制1,1.5,2.0,2.5 m地下水埋深下骆驼刺幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn),蒸腾速率(Tr),水分利用效率(WUE)等生理参数对有效光辐...     

江蓠在不同水层中的光合作用与生长

江蓠(Gracilaria Verrucosa)是制造琼脂的主要原料之一，它是一种常见的红藻，我国从北到南都有分布。它和大部份藻类植物一样，光合作用是碳素同化的主要方式，即在叶绿素的参与下，吸收日光能，进行二氧化碳及水分子的化学改组和碳素的还原，把无机碳化物合成有机化合物，同时放出氧气。