IMPROVEMENT OF SANDY SOIL WITH WATERCONSERVING MEMBRANE AND ITS EFFECT ON CROP GROWTH

1INTRODUCTIONArid, semi-arid, and semi-humid areas abound in sandysoil, which causes water to leak into deep soil orgroundwater so that soil′s water-conserving capabilitybecomes lower and water is used with low efficiency.Water is one of the important fa…     

Design and elementary realization of the Vision Earth System

The Vision Earth System is a interactive system by employing B/S model.The system has the function of query display and mutually displays relevant geologic information,integrating image information of one outcrop and realizing 3D geologic visualization.In this system,the basis is effective store,transmitting,display and quick query of enormous images and their properties data.From Java technology,this essay researches the elementary realization of Vision Earth System by adopting store formality of enormous images database,quick display image of website and quick image storage method.     

An estimation of groundwater storage variations from GRACE gravity satellites in the Heihe River Basin, northwestern China

There are only limited surface water resources available in the Heihe River Basin （HRB）, a typical inland river basin in the arid region of northwestern China, where groundwater overexploitation is a serious problem. Groundwater has become one of main resources of fresh water in the HRB. In this paper, temporal and spatial variations of groundwater in the HRB are estimated by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment （GRACE） satellites. Our analysis shows that groundwater storage in the HRB reaches its highest in the summer of 2005, and then begins to decline in the following years and reaches steady status in 2008. Spatially, groundwater shows a decline in the upper HRB in the first two years and a slight increase in the following years, while this phenomenon is reversed in the middle HRB where groundwater slightly increases in 2005 and then declines in the following three years. In the lower HRB, GRACE detects a continual increase in the full six-year period. This approach is proven successful when employed in the HRB and thus offers a new insight into monitoring groundwater variations in a river basin with limited or even without any observed data.     

The convection cooling system of the Yakutsk permafrost seed repository

Temperature is critical to maintaining seed viability under long-term storage conditions. It has been common practice to use refrigeration systems to maintain required storage temperatures. A seed repository constructed in permafrost in Yakutsk, Russia is the first seed storage facility that relies solely on natural cold. This paper describes the design and performance of the cooling system of the repository. An innovative aspect of the cooling system is that it utilizes the patterns of temperature wave propagation in permafrost. Predicted and measured ground temperatures for the first year of operation are presented and analyzed. Results indicate that convection air cooling systems can be used to control the temperature regime in underground facilities in permafrost.     

二氧化碳地质储存的主要环境问题及研究进展

CO2地质储存是缓解温室效应的有效手段之一.在CO2地质储存工程实施过程中可能引起断裂、地震、淡水含水层污染等地质灾害问题,对人类和生态环境造成危害.本文系统阐述CO2地质储存过程中造成的环境地质问题及其成因机制,并从风险评价、监测预警、应急补救等角度提出了具体防治措施,对CO2地质储存技术的安全性评估及工程实施项目管理具有重要的实际意义.     

Carbon storage capacity of different plantation types under sandstorm source control program in Hebei Province,China

Afforestation and reforestation are effective and ecological ways of mitigating elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2) concentration and increasing carbon(C) storage in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we measured the above-ground(tree, herbaceous plants and litter) and below-ground(root and soil) C storage in an aspen plantation(Populus davidiana) monoculture(PD), a larch plantation(Larix pincipis-rupprechtii) monoculture(LP), a pine plantation(Pinus tabulaeformis) monoculture(PT), a larch and birch mixed plantation(L. pincipis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphlla mixed)(MLB), and an apricot plantation(Armeniaca sibirica) monoculture(AS) under the Desertification Combating Program in Hebei Province, the northern China. The objective was to assess the effect of afforestation species on ecosystem C pools of different plantation types. Results showed that C storage of LP stand(258.0 Mg/ha) and MLB(163.4 Mg/ha) were significantly higher than the C storage in PD(45.5 Mg/ha), PT(58.9 Mg/ha) and AS(49.4 Mg/ha), respectively. Soil C was the main carbon pool of the ecosystem C storage in the five plantation stands, ranging from 31.4 Mg/ha to 232.5 Mg/ha, which accounted for 69.0%–90.1% of the total ecosystem C storage. The C storage in tree layer was about 5.2%–23.2% of ecosystem C storage. The herbaceous plants and litter layers contained 1.0%–6.0% and 1.5%–3.3% of ecosystem C storage, respectively. Our results suggest that tree species should be incorporated to accurately develop regional C budget of afforestation program, and also imply that substantial differences in ecosystem C stocks among plantation types can facilitate decision making on C management.     

Comparative Study on Methods for Computing Soil Heat Storage and Energy Balance in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas

Observations collected in the Badan Jaran desert hinterland and edge during 19-23 August 2009 and in the Jinta Oasis during 12-16 June 2005 are used to assess three methods for calculating the heat storage of the5-20-cm soil layer.The methods evaluated include the harmonic method,the conduction-convection method,and the temperature integral method.Soil heat storage calculated using the harmonic method provides the closest match with measured values.The conduction-convection method underestimates nighttime soil heat storage.The temperature integral method best captures fluctuations in soil heat storage on sub-diurnal timescales,but overestimates the amplitude and peak values of the diurnal cycle.The relative performance of each method varies with the underlying land surface.The land surface energy balance is evaluated using observations of soil heat flux at 5-cm depth and estimates of ground heat flux adjusted to account for soil heat storage.The energy balance closure rate increases and energy balance is improved when the ground heat flux is adjusted to account for soil heat storage.The results achieved using the harmonic and temperature integral methods are superior to those achieved using the conduction-convection method.     

植被大气间能量储存分项对能量闭合率的影响分析

植被大气间能量储存分项对能量闭合的影响在地表能量平衡研究中有重要意义。以张掖市盈科灌区玉米农田为研究区,在采用TDEC（Thermal Diffusion Equation+Correction）方法修正土壤热通量的基础上,分析了植被大气间能量储存分项对能量闭合率的影响。结果表明：能量储存分项对于能量闭合率具有一定的提升作用,平均提升幅度约为5.18%。能量储存分项对能量闭合率的影响与有效能量（R_n-G）相关。各能量储存分项对能量闭合率的贡献从大到小依次为：光合作用 >植被冠层热储存 >空气热储存 >空气湿度变化≈露水焓变,其中后两项量级极小,可在相关研究中忽略。量级较大的前三项能量分项具有明显的单峰日变化趋势,其中光合作用项相对另两分项在时间上有所滞后。此外,不同天气条件下（如有云和无云）能量储存分项对于能量闭合率的影响不同,有云时其影响相对较大。     

美国能源出口的矛与盾

近年来,页岩气"革命"业已改变美国的能源结构。作为世界第一耗能大国,页岩气这种非常规天然气的出现,导致美国天然气价格急剧下降,进口液化天然气数量明显减少,甚至低于10年前水平。最新发现,储量巨大的页岩气和页岩油,使得美国国内耗能大户,如电力、重化工业、