规范运作 强化监管促进住房公积金制度健康持续发展——住房和城乡建设部副部长齐骥在2008年全国纠风工作会议上的发言

同志们: 今天,国务院纠风办召歼全国纠风工作会议,马馭部长作了工作报告,对2008年全国纠风工作进行了全面部署,马凯国务委员还要作重要讲话,我们住房和城乡建设系统定认真学习贯彻,抓好落实.     

扎实推进廉政文化健康发展

2007年以来,我们按照省国土资源厅的部署要求,结合濮阳市国土资源系统工作实际,坚持以弘扬清风正气为主旋律,以“更深入、更规范”为目标,努力构建“内化于心、外化于形、固化于制”的“三位一体”廉政文化体系,有力地推动了全市国土资源系统党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争的深入开展。今年1月份,濮阳市委把我局作为全市廉政文化建设的示范单位,在全市进行了通报表彰。     

Environmental geohydrochemistry and health of the high altitude population in Ladakh

Background： Radiographic signs of Pneumoconiosis found in farming Ladakhi despite absences of mines and industries were believed to be due to exposure to frequent dust storms and domestic fire pollutions. Seasonal Koilonychia （spoon nail） occurring predominantly in farming women in absences of iron deficiency anaemia was thought to arise from exposure to water made alkaline by weathering of hornblende minerals. The relation of these health conditions to environmental geohydrochemistry is postulated as the source of irrigation water in the affected population originates from glaciers in trans-Himalaya range of sedimentary geology and steep landscape favouring flushing of silica/silicate containing silts. Methods and results： Survey in two central Ladakh villages revealed radiographic evidence of silicosis in all middle aged women and half in middle aged men. In a large-scale study of 3105 subjects aged over 30 years from three villages; 101 （22.5%） of the 449 radiographed showed signs of pneumoconiosis （ILO 1980 criteria） including eggshell calcification of hilar gland and progressive massive fibrosis. Indoor dust analyzed using Philips 400T electron microscope with energy dispersive analysis system attached showed SiO2 levels upto 53.27% with particle size of 0.5 to 5.0 microns and the concentration during cooking period in the worst affected area was 7.495 mg/m^3. Microscopy and histopathology from the subject was characteristic of pneumoconiosis. Analysis of the inorganic dust in the lung showed 40.2% muscovite, 37.3% quartz with the extracted dust wt 147.9 mg/gm of dry tissue. Prevalence of chronic cough with chronic phlegm and percentage of villagers with FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 65% rose with age. Of 70 subjects studied 19 women and 2 men had Koilonychia with incidence being highest in summer. Absence of seasonal Koilonychia in villages fed by water derived from northern mountain range glaciers with mainly igneous geology supports our hypothesis.     

Natural siliceous dust and human health： Pathways, toxicity, and impact

Fine atmospheric dust includes mineral particles and aggregates, fibrous minerals and fibrous organic material. Generation, dislodgement and transport （deflation） of natural dust with the finer （〈4 microns） components suspended as silt-size aggregates, is widespread in and adjacent to the world＇s drylands, as well as deriving from volcanic vents. Silica is a highly fibrogenic agent in lung tissue. Long-term inhaling of siliceous dusts can lead to a number of fibrotic lung diseases, including natural （non-occupational） pneumoconioses （notably silicosis, but including asbestosis and others）. Different polymorphs of silica show different levels of toxicity in interaction with lung tissue. Particles with highly active surfaces may release radicals, causing cell damage. Some types of inhaled particulates are degraded by macrophages, but many are highly resistant and persist in the lungs, some stimulating fibroblastic cells to deposit collagen. Silicosis is an inflammation of the lung commonly caused by silicate mineral particles, leading to fibrosis. Three types are recognized： nodular pulmonary fibrosis （simple or chronic silicosis）, acute silicosis, and accelerated silicosis. Generally, finer particulates have greater oxidative capacity than the coarser fractions. They contain more reactive oxygen species, their greater bioreactivity making them more toxic to pulmonary tissue. Nevertheless, inhalation of large dust particles （〉 10μm） may constitute a health risk if the mineralogy is toxic, regardless of where the grains lodge in the respiratory system. Dust may absorb harmful gases, disease-generating bacteria and carcinogenic hydrocarbon compounds. Silica-related respiratory disease may also an exacerbate cardiac problem, and epidemiology suggests a link with tuberculosis. Quantification of dust loading and exposure requires study of spatial and temporal patterns, supported by meteorological analysis, airflow modeling and satellite-borne imagery. Some acute, short-term health impacts have been assessed using atmospheric and health records both before and after a dust storm or by comparison of populations within and outside such events. Analysis of the size, shape, mineralogy and geochemistry of ambient dust particulates provides information on natural dust sources, dust concentrations, and potential particulate toxicity, as well as providing a datum for assessment of human exposure levels.     

Methylmercury and human biomarkers： Questioning the evidence

Methylmercury （MeHg） is a powerful neurotoxicant in humans. In terms of biomarkers of MeHg exposure, hair and blood have long been used in epidemiological studies as the biomarkers of choice. In fact, total hair mercury （Hg） content as well as organic blood Hg concentrations reflects exposure to organic Hg from food consumption. Extensive studies, establishing a constant and linear relation between MeHg intake versus Hg levels in hair and blood, were conducted by governmental officials to establish guidelines on safe levels of MeHg exposure, which were translated into threshold daily fish consumption rates （usually expressed as μg MeHg per kg bodyweight）. Nowadays, in most epidemiologic studies blood or hair mercury （Hg） level is commonly used as a valid proxy to estimate human exposure to methylmercury （MeHg） through fish consumption without relating this signal to actual fish consumption patterns among populations. Human variability in mercury toxicokinetics was identified and measurement error has been pointed out to be a substantial contributor to observed variability, particularly where dietary information is retrospective and self-reported. However, experimental evidence indicates that significant variability among individuals may exist in the biokinetics of mercury. Also recent findings from previous population-based studies through COMERN initiative also revealed that MeHg metabolic processes might greatly vary across populations. In fact, it is unlikely that the magnitude of the difference measured between observed and expected levels of mercury, given the reported intake, can be entirely explained by laboratory measurement errors or reporting bias.     

加强煤炭资源开发管理 促进煤炭工业健康发展——在全国煤炭工作会议上的发言

《国务院关于促进煤炭工业健康发展的若干意见》意义重大,影响深远。国家发展改革委召开的这次会议非常必要,十分及时。刚才,张晓强副主任作的报告非常重要,涉及我部工作的,我们一定抓好落实。下面,我简要汇报一下国土资源部在煤炭资源管理方面所做的工作,以及下一步贯彻落实国务院精神的有关措施。一、煤炭资源管理的基本情况改革开放以来,煤炭工业为国民经济和社会发展作出了重大贡献。在今后相当长的时期内,煤炭仍将是我国的主体能源,煤炭工业的健康发展直接关系到我国的能源安全。目前,由于市场需求的拉动,煤炭价格持续走高,煤炭资源的…     

工程质量安全监督与行业发展司2005年工作要点

要始终贯穿一条主线，推进形成两种机制，紧紧抓住三项重点，重视提高四种能力，抓好五个薄弱环节。以切实保障人民群众生命财产安全和促进建筑业持续健康发展为主线；推进形成建筑市场自行调节机制和各方主体自我管理机制；紧紧抓住城市公共安全、施工安全和工程质量安全三项重点；积极培育并提高应急管理能力、工程质量安全和施工安全监管能力、     

保障饮水安全维护生命健康

我国是地方病流行较为严重的国家，地方病分布广泛，受害人口较多。由于自然环境影响。地方性砷中毒、地方性氟中毒、克山病、大骨节病以及地方性甲状腺肿等．在“老少边穷”地区及部分农村地区仍很严重。无疑，地方病严重影响了当地人民群众的生命健康和正常生活．并严重阻碍了建设小康社会的步伐。     

环境地球化学研究进展

在全面综合国内外研究文献的基础上,分析了环境地球化学研究的主要内容以及不同介质的环境地球化学研究成果,并对环境地球化学的发展趋势进行了较为详细的论述和分析,指出在进一步深入研究环境地球化学的基础上,加强全球环境变化的历史记录、现代地球化学过程及元素环境地球化学方面的研究是今后环境地球化学研究的重要内容.     

城市大气环境边界层观测试验

城市大气环境边界层观测试验工程提出了城市区域大范围大气污染"空气穹隆"动力过程三维结构,首次揭示出北京周边地形"山谷风"与城市"热岛"效应相互作用对城市大气环境影响的综合特征.试验采用卫星遥感-地面观测相结合的技术方案,揭示北京周边地区污染贡献及其气溶胶远距离输送轨迹特征,提出建立北京及其周边地区点-面结合、卫星遥感-地面观测相结合立体综合监测网的设计新方案.该项目被世界气象组织专家组工作会议评为国际城市大气环境观测优秀示范计划,项目研究成果于2002年作为特邀撰稿发表于美国<环境与健康>(SCI),研究成果在北京市及有关省市推广应用.