震兆共迁法对金县水准异常与海城和唐山地震的关联性讨论

正0引言1975年辽宁海城地震前发生在金县水准异常是可靠的,但是否可联系预测1975年海城地震和1976年唐山地震有争议。争议的焦点之一是金县距两个震中的距离较远。本文用"震兆共迁法"讨论了可用于海城和唐山地震的预测的相关联系问题。     

Deformation Evolution Characteristics Revealed by GPS and Cross-fault Leveling Data before the MS8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake

Based on GPS velocity during 1999-2007, GPS baseline time series on large scale during 1999-2008 and cross-fault leveling data during 1985-2008, the paper makes some analysis and discussion to study and summarize the movement, tectonic deformation and strain accumulation evolution characteristics of the Longmenshan fault and the surrounding area before the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, as well as the possible physical mechanism late in the seismic cycle of the Wenchuan earthquake. Multiple results indicate that:GPS velocity profiles show that obvious continuous deformation across the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake was distributed across a zone at least 500km wide, while there was little deformation in Sichuan Basin and Longmenshan fault zone, which means that the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provides energy accumulation for locked Longmenshan fault zone continuously. GPS strain rates show that the east-west compression deformation was larger in the northwest of the mid-northern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone, and deformation amplitude decreased gradually from far field to near fault zone, and there was little deformation in fault zone. The east-west compression deformation was significant surrounding the southwestern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone, and strain accumulation rate was larger than that of mid-northern segment. Fault locking indicates nearly whole Longmenshan fault was locked before the earthquake except the source of the earthquake which was weakly locked, and a 20km width patch in southwestern segment between 12km to 22.5km depth was in creeping state. GPS baseline time series in northeast direction on large scale became compressive generally from 2005 in the North-South Seismic Belt, which reflects that relative compression deformation enhances. The cross-fault leveling data show that annual vertical change rate and deformation trend accumulation rate in the Longmenshan fault zone were little, which indicates that vertical activity near the fault was very weak and the fault was tightly locked. According to analyses of GPS and cross-fault leveling data before the Wenchuan earthquake, we consider that the Longmenshan fault is tightly locked from the surface to the deep, and the horizontal and vertical deformation are weak surrounding the fault in relatively small-scale crustal deformation. The process of weak deformation may be slow, and weak deformation area may be larger when large earthquake is coming. Continuous and slow compression deformation across eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake provides dynamic support for strain accumulation in the Longmenshan fault zone in relative large-scale crustal deformation.     

红柳峡跨断层水准规律性变化分析

红柳峡跨断层水准多次出现由张性背景转为大幅压缩的规律性变化,基于青藏高原地区5级以上地震高频时空分布特征,与祁连山断裂带异常跨断层场地同步性进行对比,结果显示:①红柳峡跨断层水准与祁连山断裂带上其他跨断层异常场地变化时间一致性较好;②在红柳峡水准出现压性变化的1年内,青藏高原5级以上地震高频活动多发,且红柳峡水准出现压缩变化时段内,在青藏高原内部多形成NE向5级以上地震条带,表明应力多沿NE向集中。研究结果表明,印度洋板块在北向推挤增强过程中,引发青藏高原内部及周边块体一系列地震,而作为祁连山断裂带西端特殊的跨断层场地,红柳峡跨断层存在块体调整过程中出现较为规律异常变化的可能。     

夏县地震台南山底短水准形变与震源机制解对应关系探讨

2011年,夏县地震台南山底短水准观测出现反向上升变化,辅助测项水位也出现同步上升变化,显示局部构造应力场由张性变为压性。为进一步研究构造应力场的变化,计算山西南部2007年以来ML≥3.0地震的震源机制解。结果显示,夏县区域内局部应力解表现为挤压环境。结合GPS数据资料,显示2011年夏县局部小区域内挤压活动明显,与南山底水准观测结果一致。     

九寨沟7.0级地震前后地壳形变时空演化特征及相关问题的讨论

基于九寨沟7.0级地震前后,震中区周缘和巴颜喀拉地块周缘的跨断层观测、大面积水准测量、地震活动性等资料,利用断层三维活动量参数和水准平差计算方法,综合分析了地震前后区域地壳形变以及巴颜喀拉地块整体性运动与地震间的关系。结论如下:(1)九寨沟地震前后,远场的西秦岭构造区、六盘山断裂带、龙门山断裂带和鲜水河断裂带上的跨断层流动场地出现不同程度的异常变化,震中区域的形变并不显著;(2)由巴颜喀拉地块周缘的断层异常活动和地震活动性分析可知,巴颜喀拉地块整体性的SE向顺时针加速运动,造成了九寨沟地震震中区域的应力积累,同时,包括芦山地震在内的几次强震对九寨沟地震有一定促震作用;(3)九寨沟地震后,区域应力积累得到一定程度的释放,应力可能会在"三岔口"区域加速积累。     

形变速率累加法在山西定点水准观测分析及映震的研究

将形变速率累加法应用于山西地区4个定点水准观测资料分析,研究计算结果与本区域及邻区中、强地震的对应关系,发现震前一些连续的异常“孤立”点,经过积分放大后,异常信息的提取更直观、突出,显示出较好的映震效果;该方法对于跨断层资料的异常识别,具有一定的参考意义。     

中条山北麓断裂跨断层水准数据异常特征分析

中条山北麓断裂是运城盆地的主控断裂.作为第四纪以来的活动断裂,其活动情况与运城盆地及周边的地震活动间存在一定的关系.采用异常参数R值法和年滑动速率比法对布设在此断裂的流动水准场地观测数据进行分析,发现2种数据分析方法结合起来能更准确地发现观测数据的异常变化,研究结果可为运城盆地及周边地区的地震预测研究提供参考.     

GPS水准及其在测绘工程中的应用

随着似大地水准面的不断精化,GPS水准有可能代替繁重的几何水准工作,介绍了似大地水准面的确定方法,并基于我国新一代似大地水准面CQG2000,在高山区GPS高程拟合的正常高中误差达到±0.21m。结合GPS实际工程分析,GPS高程拟合精度在平原地区可达到像控点高程精度要求。     

德州市临盘采油区地面沉降监测

济南市的鹊山上设立了3块岩层水准标石的原点组。使用美国Tri mble Di Ni 12电子水准仪和条码式铟钢水准标尺施测一等精密水准82.2 km,二等精密水准30.8 km,联测各类水准点35个。对观测结果进行统计与分析表明,在临盘采油区(以后仓西北采油四队LY18为中心)形成了一个较明显的沉降区域,年沉降量为54.3 mm。建议在其周边增埋地面观测标石,进行加密观测,以掌握其变化规律。