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土壤水分空间插值的克里金平滑效应修正方法

地统计学的普通克里金法是研究土壤水分空间变异特性和描绘其空间分布的有效方法。但与其它建立在最小二乘标准上的插值方法一样,普通克里金法也存在着平滑效应问题,即估计值的变异程度比实际要小,从而导致估计值往往不能反映出土壤水分真实的空间变化特征。结合实际的土壤水分监测数据,采用Yamamoto提出的一套针对普通克里金估计值进行后处理的方法,较好地解决了普通克里金法平滑效应的问题,在保证局部估计值精度的同时,重现了土壤含水率在空间的分布与变化特征。     

GPS动态单频单历元定向算法及其数据分析

提出了一种动态准实时滤波算法，将基线长度作为一虚拟观测值与伪距相位观测值进行联合建模，以提高GPS动态单频单历元定向算法解算的成功率及正确率。利用LAMBDA方法初步求解整周模糊度的备选值，利用基线长度约束模糊度，计算得到单个历元的解；再根据载体的运动特性，采用一种动态适应滤波算法，剔除解算错误的值，并和解算错误或解算失败的历元进行插值和修正。对实测数据处理分析表明：该方法能够将基线约束算法的定向正确率提高5-10％左右，使其稳定性得到进一步提高。     

载波相位平滑伪距单点定位精度分析

介绍了载波相位平滑伪距单点定位原理，分析了在用GPS接收机导航解误差因素。通过对静态和动态条件下实测数据的检测与分析，检验了观测噪声、飞行速度和高度等因素与GPS导航解精度的关系。     

考虑地震构造背景的地震活动性参数光滑方法在地震危险性概率评价中的应用

In this study, the North China seismic region was selected as the study area, and evaluation of seismic hazard using the spatial smoothing seismicity model was performed. Firstly, the study area is divided into grids, and some parameters (e.g. b-value, M0, Mu, azimuth and M-L relationship) for each seismotectonic model were assigned. Secondly, using elliptical smoothing based on a seismotectonic background model, the statistical earthquake incidence rate in each grid is successively calculated. Lastly, the relevant ground motion attenuation relationship is chosen to assess seismic hazard of general sites. The maps for the distribution of horizontal peak ground acceleration with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years were obtained by using the seismic hazard analysis method based on grid source. This seismicity model simplifies the methodology of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, especially appropriate for those places where seismic tectonics is not yet clearly known. This method can provide valuable references for seismic zonation and seismic safety assessment for significant engineering projects.     

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中强地震活动区地震年平均发生率确定方法的比较

Two kinds of methods for determining seismic parameters are presented,that is,the potential seismic source zoning method and grid-spatially smoothing method. The Gaussian smoothing method and the modified Gaussian smoothing method are described in detail, and a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these methods is made. Then,we take central China as the study region,and use the Gaussian smoothing method and potential seismic source zoning method to build seismic models to calculate the mean annual seismic rate. Seismic hazard is calculated using the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis method to construct the ground motion acceleration zoning maps. The differences between the maps and these models are discussed and the causes are investigated. The results show that the spatial smoothing method is suitable for estimating the seismic hazard over the moderate and low seismicity regions or the hazard caused by background seismicity; while the potential seismic source zoning method is suitable for estimating the seismic hazard in well-defined seismotectonics. Combining the spatial smoothing method and the potential seismic source zoning method with an integrated account of the seismicity and known seismotectonics is a feasible approach to estimate the seismic hazard in moderate and low seismicity regions.     

基于能量比与互相关法的地震剖面反射同相轴交互自动拾取研究

为提高地震剖面反射同相轴拾取的精度与效率,结合实际资料详细讨论了能量比与互相关两种自动拾取方法的优缺点,提出对拾取结果进行光滑滤波处理,以消除资料上的随机噪音与风浪干扰等影响。同时讨论了参考种子点在自动拾取算法中的重要性,以及人机交互拾取参考种子点的实现方法。针对复杂界面的反射同相轴,在自动拾取结果的基础上,文中提出以人机交互的方法进行修改拾取。将这些方法综合运用于实际资料,以取得满意的拾取结果。     

侧扫声纳系统姿态参数平滑方法研究

针对侧扫声纳系统姿态参数采样率低于声纳Ping值采样率的问题,采用窗口移动多项式最小二乘平滑方法（Savitzky—Golay平滑法）,对阶梯状姿态数据进行平滑。结果证明了该法的可行性。在选取窗口宽度和多项式阶数时,通过实测数据比较表明,采用窗口为11的二阶多项式平滑后结果与原数据符合程度高。     

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