接收台阵、震源阵的传递函数与双聚束法的初步研究

根据汶川地震序列,选出距离合适、波形相关性较好的事件作为震源阵,联合永久台阵(那曲、和田台阵),进行震源阵与固定台阵组合研究,计算其台阵响应.结果表明,地震序列可以形成震源阵,按照地震台阵的特殊方法进行研究,可以提高信噪比,为揭示地下精细结构提供条件.     

A qualitative study of seismic-ionospheric precursor phenomena monitored by a very close to the epicenter VLF and LF receiver

This work investigates the occurrence of disturbances across a wide range of VLF and LF frequencies received prior to a seismic event (Mw = 4), that took place on May 12th 2012, the epicenter of which was very close (14 km) to the VLF/LF station. The signals analyzed were emitted from five VLF and five LF European transmitters. This seismic event produced precursory ionospheric disturbances, identified as spectral distortion, three days before its occurrence, providing a distinct pattern open to further investigation. Although the basis of the ionosphere interaction with seismic phenomena has been well documented in previous studies, the close proximity of the receiver to the seismic event provides a new perspective to this study. The monitored signals have undergone normalization and then they have been processed by means of the Hilbert-Huang Transform. Diagrams of the signals relevant to the phenomena are presented and the disturbances that are present in the raw data are accentuated through further processing.     

基于软件接收机的BDS/MEMS IMU深组合导航性能分析

针对BDS/MEMS IMU深组合导航全物理实验难度较大的问题,提出一种基于软件接收机的BDS/MEMS深组合导航系统仿真分析方法。给出BDS软件接收机结构,介绍深组合导航系统结构设计及滤波算法,最后基于仿真数据进行验证。结果表明,在高动态条件下,就BDS/MEMS IMU导航系统而言,其深组合的导航精度较紧组合有较大提高,位置误差小于1 m,速度误差小于0.01 m/s。     

附加GIM约束的全球电离层建模

针对目前地基GNSS台站在全球分布不均匀,导致南半球海洋和中高纬地区出现与实际不符的VTEC为负值的问题,利用IGS前1 d的最终GIM作为虚拟观测值对TEC可能为负值的地区进行约束,结合GNSS数据建立全球电离层模型(称为SGG模型),并用2014年200多个IGS台站数据对模型进行验证。结果表明,各台站VTEC的RMS优于3 TECu(赤道异常区域RMS在5~7 TECu)。同时SGG能有效消除南半球海洋(40°~90°S)VTEC为负的情况,且对原有非负VTEC几乎没有影响(其变化小于2 TECu)。SGG的卫星DCB与CODE 相比,RMS和MEAN分别优于0.2 ns和0.04 ns,不同纬度带SGG与CODE的接收机DCB估值变化基本一致,两者之差基本在1 ns以内。     

青藏高原西部班公-怒江缝合带下方地壳结构与地块拼合模式

利用远震接收函数偏移成像方法获得青藏高原西部Hi-Climb项目剖面北段地壳结构转换波成像。结果显示班公-怒江缝合带下方拉萨地体上地壳向N仰冲,下地壳向N俯冲,而羌塘地块上地壳向S仰冲,下地壳向S俯冲,可能意味着青藏高原西部拉萨地块和羌塘地块具有复杂的拼合过程。结合前人的岩石学研究成果,建立了新特提斯北洋盆洋壳S向俯冲、距今60～50Ma印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞后,拉萨地块的下地壳向羌塘地块下俯冲,而后印度板块俯冲到羌塘地块下方的地块拼合模式     

Receiver function imaging in strongly laterally heterogeneous crust: Synthetic modeling of BOLIVAR data

We resolve a large (~20 km) discrepancy in Moho depth determined from PdS receiver functions (RFs) and from active source seismic profiling in the complex Caribbean-South American plate boundary zone in eastern Venezuela. As part of the BOLIVAR experiment 20 broadband stations were deployed along an active source profile to record teleseisms. Using the extremely heterogeneous crustal model obtained from active source data, we generated 2D finite-difference elastic wave synthetics and from them calculated receiver functions and CCP stacks. We compare the observations with synthetic sections that have been spatially sampled at 0.25 km to 40 km. The densely sampled synthetics show that several events in the field data that were originally interpreted as the Moho are multiple reflections within sedimentary basins. Where the Moho has the steepest dip under the plate boundary the CCP stacks fail to image the Moho well, regardless of the density of spatial sampling. A suitable spatial sampling criterion for clearly imaging the lower crust and Moho is to overlap Fresnel zones by 50% at Moho depth, which for the 1 Hz receiver functions examined here, requires an instrument spacing of 15–20 km, with the actual field data density ranging from 20 km to 100 km.     

用接收函数方法研究上海地震台阵下地壳结构

利用上海地震台阵16个台站记录的远震资料,采用接收函数线性反演方法,对台阵下的地壳速度结构进行研究,获得了研究区域内地壳厚度和地壳速度的分布特征。研究结果表明,研究区域Moho面深度约为33±2 km,Moho面深度基本不变,地幔顶部S波速度约4.4 km/s,地壳内没有发现明显的低速层。     

THE RESEARCH OF THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE BASED ON THE SYNTHESIS OF THE DEEP SEISMIC DATA AND THE SURFACE TECTONIC DEFORMATION

The seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake has remained in suspensed until now. Several faults or tectonics, including basal slipping zone, unknown blind thrust fault and piedmont buried fault, etc, are all considered as the possible seismogenic structure. This paper tries to make some new insights into this unsolved problem. Firstly, based on the data collected from the dynamic seismic stations located on the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault deployed by the Institute of Earthquake Science from 2008 to 2009 and the result of the aftershock relocation and the location of the known faults on the surface, we analyze and interpret the deep structures. Secondly, based on the terrace deformation across the main earthquake zone obtained from the dirrerential GPS meaturement of topography along the Qingyijiang River, combining with the geological interpretation of the high resolution remote sensing image and the regional geological data, we analyze the surface tectonic deformation. Furthermore, we combined the data of the deep structure and the surface deformation above to construct tectonic deformation model and research the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake. Preliminarily, we think that the deformation model of the Lushan earthquake is different from that of the northern thrust segment ruptured in the Wenchuan earthquake due to the dip angle of the fault plane. On the southern segment, the main deformation is the compression of the footwall due to the nearly vertical fault plane of the frontal fault, and the new active thrust faults formed in the footwall. While on the northern segment, the main deformation is the thrusting of the hanging wall due to the less steep fault plane of the central fault. An active anticline formed on the hanging wall of the new active thrust fault, and the terrace surface on this anticline have deformed evidently since the Quaterary, and the latest activity of this anticline caused the Lushan earthquake, so the newly formed active thrust fault is probably the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake. Huge displacement or tectonic deformation has been accumulated on the fault segment curved towards southeast from the Daxi country to the Taiping town during a long time, and the release of the strain and the tectonic movement all concentrate on this fault segment. The Lushan earthquake is just one event during the whole process of tectonic evolution, and the newly formed active thrust faults in the footwall may still cause similar earthquake in the future.     

BDS/GPS卫星数据质量分析软件开发及应用研究

通过对TEQC数据质量模块相关算法进行分析,实现了支持RINEX2、3 格式的BDS/GPS卫星数据质量分析软件DataQC的开发,其主要参数包括数据完整率、多路径指数、信噪比和周跳等,并增加卫星分布状况以及电离层、接收机硬件延迟偏差估计功能。通过多组数据验证,软件计算指标与TEQC结果具有较高的一致性;在电离层估计方面,与全球电离层格网（global ionosphere maps, GIM）插值计算结果的RMS在3 TECu之内,并可用于接收机硬件延迟偏差稳定性的分析。     

接收机对卫星控制网精度影响研究

介绍了GPS测量的各种主要误差源及其影响;对精度控制问题,主要接收机精度对小型控制网（基线长10—20km）精度的影响。