典型带状云系强降雨过程卫星云图演变特征分析

通过对两个典型的带状云系的强降水过程的卫星云图进行定量分析,初步验证了可以用云带0℃边界反映冷高压和副高的活动态势,揭示了降雨强度与云带强度指数及TBB面积指数有很好的对应关系。同时,还研究了暴雨落区与对流云团活动范围的关系,强降水时段与对流云团的发展阶段的对应关系。     

Model studies on the effect of nitric acid vapour on cirrus cloud activation

The effect of elevated nitric acid concentrations on cloud particle number concentrations and sizes of mixed phase cirrus cloud (containing both supercooled liquid and frozen ice particles) is studied using a detailed multicomponent condensation model. Our model calculations suggest that high nitric acid volume mixing ratios (VMRs), corresponding to upper tropospheric measurements, can increase the ice crystal number concentrations substantially especially in the case of freezing of non-activated solution droplets (as opposed to freezing of supercooled cloud droplets). This is due to increased droplet sizes caused by nitric acid absorption and the resulting uptake of water.     

导线测角精度超限问题的探讨

利用实例阐述了一、二级导线测量严密平差后，测角中误差超限问题，根据《规范》精度指标，分析了测角中误差超限的原因；提出一、二级导线测量严密平差后，没边、测角中误差限值的建议。     

追踪法点位探测及其应用

窗口检索是许多信息系统的基本功能之一,包括单窗口检索和多窗口检索。多窗口检索就是判断点状日标位于哪个多边形内,即“点位探测”。在本文介绍了追踪法点位探测的基本思想和方法,并把这一思想引入矢量多边形叠置运算中,有效地提高了矢量叠置的求交效率。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE PULSES OF RADIATED FIELDS FROM CLOUD FLASH DISCHARGES

Observations show that the sequences of microsecond-scale pulses are produced in cloud flashdischarge processes.In the present work we report on measurements of larger bipolar pulses(LBP)of the radiation fields which are classified into four types according to their waveshapes andpolarities of initial peak.Either positive or negative pulse contains two kinds of waveshapes:onewith a smooth rise and the other with 2 or 3 fast-rising pulse superimposed on the initial half cycle.The pulse waveshape characteristics in both time and frequency domains are as follows.Among2908 samples there are 45% of the positive polarity and 55% of the negative polarity.The positivepulses tend to have distinctly smaller values than negative pulses in rise time,half width and zero-crossing time of the initial peak.The peaks of positive pulse spectra tend to occur at a higherfrequency than those of negative pulses.Despite differences above,positive and negative pulseshave a similar total duration.     

单块积云降水参数的直接估算

介绍了单块积云的雷达回波参数与降雨参数的一元、二元回归分析分析结果表明，单块积云的降雨量、雨强和持续时间与雷达皮的顶高、面积的相关性较好。     

“96·8”河北特大暴雨成因初探

运用常规气象资料和卫星云图，分析了１９９６年８月３—５日河北特大暴雨的成因。认为：它是出现在东亚特定的强经向环流形势下，由９６０８号台风低压与副热带高压两侧之间形成的强偏南风低空急流，将低纬度地区高温高湿水汽源源不断地向华北输送并与近地面层弱冷空气相互作用，诱发两个中尺度云团的形成和发展直接造成的     

“96.8”特大暴雨的中尺度对流云团特征

１９９６年８月３－５日河北省的西南部地区出现了特大暴雨过程。此次特大暴雨，主要是８６０８号台风登陆后减弱为低气压西北上，副热带高压加强西进，低层从东北部有弱冷空气扩散南下，在暴雨区域形成湿斜压锋区，触发不稳定能量释放，致使台我低压北方形成３个中尺度对流云团所致。     

一次冰雹过程人工催化的数值模拟试验

利用二维雹云模拟济南地区１９９６年７月２４日出现的一次冰雹过程，模拟结果表明对雹云２６个主要微物理过程双参数化较细致地描述对流过程的热，动力反馈和微物理特点２。根据计算结果，对该次冰雹过程进行了ＡｇＩ催化试验，结果得出在云发展初期对暖底雹云实施高浓度的冰晶催化，可起到减少地面冰雹和增加地面降水的作用。     

澳大利亚东南部持续性降水的成因

利用热带天气图，日本ＧＭＳ卫星云图，ＥＣＭＷＦ格点风场资料，对澳大利亚东南部持续性降水的两类主要天气过程，热带云涌－冷锋尾流气旋锋生过程和阻塞反气旋北侧回流降水过程进行了分析，从云型演变，环流形热，热带流场等方面揭示了澳大利亚东南部持续性降水天气过程的基本特征、为业务预报提供参考。