北京地区大气污染分布的“南北两重天”现象

利用2006年北京地区空气质量监测站和自动气象站网资料,以及华北地区中尺度气象观测资料,分析了北京地区大气污染分布的“南北两重天”现象.通过对此类现象发生过程中天气形势和北京地区气象要素的分析,指出了造成该现象的天气学成因和气象要素特征.研究结果表明,2006年北京共发生47次“南北两重天”现象,其中大部分发生在秋、冬季的午夜至次日上午,且多为南差北好的污染物分布情景.该现象的发生与北京地区中-α尺度天气系统活动的一些特征有关,特别是与干冷空气进入北京地区的路径以及移动速度的区域差异有关.另外,在弱天气系统控制下,北京西南部地区经常出现的小尺度辐合型流场,也是形成北京地区“南北两重天”现象的重要原因.     

利用静止卫星云图进行二维傅里叶相位导风试验

根据二维傅里叶相位分析原理,对1 min间隔的IR云图进行由云推导风的反演。利用模块高度频数直方图把云分为高、中、低云。对连续三幅IR云图进行二维傅里叶相位导风计算,得到两个反演风场,对两个风场相同位置上的风矢进行逐点比较,剔除风向或风速差别较大的风矢,再对处理后的风场进行高度调整法的质量控制,把不合理的风矢剔除或调整到合理的高度层,得到连续性较好的风场。     

金红石中铁的存在形式的研究

本文对我国不同地区和不同成因类型矿床及人工合成的金红石的20个样品进行了矿物学研究。结果表明,大多数金红石样品中都含有钛铁矿的嵌晶,金红石和嵌晶钛铁矿晶粒中多含有含钛赤铁矿(Titano-hematite)的出溶相。金红石晶粒中的含钛赤铁矿于600℃消失;而钛铁矿中的含钛赤铁矿于800℃消失,且整个晶粉转变成亚铁假板钛矿(Ferro-pseudobrookite)。总结出金红石中铁的三种存在形式:类质同象置换钛的Fe~(3+)、固溶体出溶相含钛赤钛铁矿中的Fe~(3+)及钛铁矿中所含的Fe~(2+)。     

MT法中利用阻抗相位资料对畸变视电阻率曲线的校正

从理论上论证了在一定条件下大地电磁响应中的相位资料将不受随机电磁噪声的影响，介绍了由相位资料递推计算视电阻率的方法，通过与远参考资料的比较，证明利用阻抗相位资料可分段恢复校正畸变的实测视电阻率数据。     

Li_2O-(Mg、Zn、Ni)O-V_2O_5三元体系的相平衡

对Li_2O-(Mg、Zn、Ni)O-V_2O_5三元体系在500—800℃相图的研究表明,在每个系统内部都出现了一个依端员组分摩尔比为1:2:1的化合物。即橄榄石型的LiMgVO_4,硅铍石型的LiZnVO_4和尖晶石型的LiNiVO_4。不同的是,Li_2O-MgO-V_2O_5中发现了第二个三元相和一个固溶体。LiO_2-NiO-V_2O_6中得出一个固溶体,而LiZnNO_4中未得固溶体。     

白钨矿的原位高压X射线衍射研究

使用金刚石对顶砧高压装置(DAC)和同步辐射光源,对天然白钨矿进行了原位高压能量色散X射线衍射(EDXD)研究,实验最高压力为16.0 GPa.在实验压力范围内观察到了一次白钨矿结构→钨锰铁矿结构的可逆相变:压力小于5.3 GPa时为白钨矿结构(I4_1/a),在5.3～12.3 GPa压力区间内为白钨矿结构与钨锰铁矿结构(P2/c)并存,大于12.3 GPa时完全相变为钨锰铁矿结构.从键长、配位数和配位多面体角度对白钨矿→钨锰铁矿结构的相变机制进行了解释.     

江西相山铀矿田中断裂与水相变耦合成矿——以邹家山矿床铀成矿作用分析为例

在已知成矿带和矿床中,随着找矿和开采的进行,已有的和新发现的资料积累越来越多.一个好的成矿理论,可以给这些资料较为统一的、合理的解释,还可能为老矿区(带)的深部和外围找矿指出一些新思路和新标志.据热液矿床水相变控矿理论,水相变可导致水的物理化学性质突变,使成矿物质被释放而成矿,在热液成矿作用中断裂降压引发水相变,是热液...     

Land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in Suzhou City,China

Suzhou City, located at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in southeastern Jiangsu Province, is one of the few cities in China which suffer from severe ground settlement. A research project was carried out to investigate this problem. Geological and hydrogeological studies show that there is a multi-layered aquifer system with three distinct, soft mud layers of marine and lagoonal origins. An examination of historical records of groundwater extraction, water levels, and ground settlement shows that the ground subsidence is associated with the continuously increasing groundwater extraction in the deep, confined aquifer. It is believed that the consolidation of the soft mud layers, especially the third layer which is thick and close to the main pumped aquifer, contributes to the ground settlement. A three-dimensional finite difference numerical model representing the multi-layered aquifer system was developed to study the ground settlement in response to groundwater extraction. By calibrating the model with both the measured groundwater level and ground settlement, the aquifer parameters were estimated. The model outputs fit reasonably well with the observed results, which indicates that the numerical model can reproduce the dynamic processes of both groundwater flow and soil consolidation. The hydraulic conductivity of the third mud layer near the center of the ground settlement has been reduced by over 30% in the last 14 years. The gradual deterioration in the hydraulic conductivity of the mud may have significant adverse effect on the sustainable groundwater resource of the deep confined aquifer, since the recharge from the shallow aquifers through the mud layer is the only source of water to the deep aquifer. An analysis of the spatial distributions of groundwater drawdown and ground settlement shows that the area with maximum drawdown is not necessarily the area with maximum ground settlement due to the occurrence of the soft mud layer. A simple reallocation in pumping rates on the basis of the spatial distribution of the thick mud layer could significantly reduce the ground settlement. Electronic Publication     

一阶弹性波交错网格时间高阶差分格式及稳定性分析

弹性波模拟或逆时偏移时,对空间偏导数采用高阶差分格式可提高计算精度,但这种算法的稳定性条件过于严格,要求差分离散的时间步长必须足够小以确保算法稳定。在常规空间高阶差分格式的基础上,将速度(应力)对时间的高阶导数转化为不同精度的应力(速度)对空间的差分,得到了一种新的基于交错网格的时间高阶、空间高阶差分格式。通过对交错网格时间高阶差分格式稳定性的分析,认为该算法的稳定性条件较常规算法宽松,在弹性波场的求解过程中可以采用更大的时间步长。     

The Solid-liquid Transformation of Low-grade Solid Potash Deposit in Dalangtan Basin and the Simplification of the Liquid Phase System

正We studied the solid-liquid transformation of low-grade solid potash deposit in Dalangtan Basin and simplified the liquid phase system.We did experiments to optimize conditions of the solid-liquid transformation.The Suitable