面向地理国情监测的变化检测与地表覆盖信息更新方法

常态化地理国情监测能够全面、动态地掌握地理国情信息及其变化,为经济建设和社会发展提供数据基础。地理国情普查成果是按照统一规范标准、经过内业解译和外业核查形成的矢量数据。如何在普查成果的基础上,利用多时相遥感影像实现变化信息提取与更新是地理国情监测的关键。针对地理国情普查成果的特点与监测需求,以多时相遥感影像处理分析为基础,构建了针对地理国情监测的变化检测方法体系,提出了像元—对象结合的多时相影像变化检测、基于对象实体统计分析的变化识别方法,实现了综合地理国情普查成果和遥感影像的地理国情变化检测与数据更新。基于像元—对象结合的多时相影像变化检测首先根据传统的变化矢量分析法提取基于像元的变化检测结果,再以地理国情普查的矢量对象为统计单元计算对象内变化像元的比例,以此判断该矢量对象是否发生了变化,并根据变化像元的比例计算其变化强度。基于对象实体统计分析的变化检测方法直接以地理国情矢量为对象进行特征提取和差异构造,再将差异影像进行阈值分割得到基于地理国情对象的变化检测图。最后,根据变化检测结果,对变化区域进行面向对象分割,并从上一期未变化区域选取训练样本训练分类器模型以得到变化区域的地表覆盖类型,将变化区域与未变化区域结合得到更新后的地理国情矢量图。选取江阴市地理国情普查成果和两期高分辨率遥感影像进行试验,结果表明本文提出的方法在准确提取和解释变化区域的同时,明显提高了变化检测和数据更新的效率,可用于常态化地理国情监测。     

高分辨率全极化合成孔径雷达数据海冰二次分类方法研究

随着高分辨率全极化合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)影像的大量出现, 传统分类方法因所得分类结果中包含斑点噪声, 导致分类精度大大降低, 因而利用基于伴生关系的二次分类方法对辽东湾RADARSAT-2卫星的海冰SAR影像进行分类, 并将所得分类结果与专家解译分类结果和经典的基于H-α分解的Wishart监督分类结果进行对比, 证明本方法可以消除斑点噪声的影响, 同时具有较好的视觉效果和较高的分类精度。     

The Potential of Virtual Reality Technology for Analysis of Remotely Sensed Data: A Lidar Case Study

Abstract

Although the GIS community has been quick to exploit the advantages of virtual reality (VR) for display and analysis of spatial data, VR does not appear to have been exploited widely for remote sensing data analysis. A case study of high resolution lidar data acquired over a deciduous forest near Morgantown, WV was used to investigate the potential and limitations of current VR software for remote sensing analysis. The functionality within a standard remote sensing software package was found to provide a good overview of interpolated, smoothed lidar data, but was less useful for gridded data that had not been interpolated. With gridded data, it was possible to drape orthophotographs or other images over the lidar data, providing a useful method for investigating relationships between lidar and other data. Alternatively, using a commercial VR package, it was possible to view the original lidar point data, and thus visualize the multiple returns from within the canopy of each tree. The point data were preferable for identification of surfaces within the data cloud, especially the ground surface. For a fully integrated remote sensing VR package, functionality will be needed to link point and interpolated coverages, and also to enhance the interactive selection of data for further statistical analysis.     

Mapping fuels at the wildland-urban interface using colour ortho-images and LiDAR data

Fuel type mapping of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) in support of fire spread simulation modelling should include both natural and urban features. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of (1) Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) structural data, (2) ortho-image data and (3) a combination of both as input to an object-based classification approach for mapping fuels within two WUI areas in San Diego, California. A separability analysis was utilized to determine the surface topographical and spectral layers most influential for discriminating WUI fuels. An accuracy assessment revealed that the combination of LiDAR and ortho-image data inputs substantially increased classification accuracy by 20–30% and achieved overall accuracies?>?80%. Results from the study provide knowledge on how reliable fuel types within the WUI can be mapped using high-resolution LiDAR and ortho-image data while presenting new insights into fuel type mapping.     

面向对象的长江源区当曲流域高寒湿地信息提取(英文)

长江南源当曲流域是我国高寒沼泽湿地的集中分布地区之一,是青藏高原腹地重要的水源涵养地。对该地区湿地资源及分布的正确把握直接关系到当地牧民的生产生活及下游地区的经济社会发展。由于湿地光谱特征复杂,易于其他地类混淆,传统的遥感信息提取方法很难保证湿地信息提取的精度。本文运用面向对象的图像信息自动分类方法,对当曲流域内的湿地信息进行提取。在对各类型湿地的光谱特征、纹理特征及空间特征进行分析的基础上,充分结合DEM及其衍生数据(坡度、坡向), 归一化植被指数 (NDVI), 归一化水体指数 (NDWI) 及缨帽变换(Kauth-Thomas transformation)得到的湿度图层等参数,设置各参数阈值,建立各湿地类型的信息提取知识规则,并结合野外实地调查对信息提取精度进行验证。经检验,湿地信息提取的总体精度达到89.00%。     

面向对象的多尺度加权联合稀疏表示的高空间分辨率遥感影像分类

针对高空间分辨率遥感影像中的地物具有多尺度特性,以及各个尺度的对象特征对地物分类精度的影响具有较强的尺度效性,并结合面向对象影像分析方法和多尺度联合稀疏表示方法在高空间分辨率遥感影像分类中的各自优点,提出了一种面向对象的多尺度加权稀疏表示的高空间分辨率遥感影像分类算法。首先,采用多尺度分割算法获得多尺度分割结果并提取对象的多尺度特征;然后,根据影像对象的多尺度分割质量测度计算各尺度的对象权重,构建面向对象的多尺度加权联合稀疏表示模型;最后,采用2个国产GF-2高空间分辨率遥感数据集和1个高光谱-高空间分辨率航空遥感数据集（WashingtonD.C.数据）验证该算法的有效性。试验结果表明,与SVM、像素级稀疏表示、单尺度和多尺度对象级稀疏表示和深度学习等算法相比较,本文算法获得了较高的OA和Kappa分类精度,提高了各个尺度地物的分类精度,有效抑止了地物分类结果中的椒盐噪声现象,同时保持大尺度地物的区域性和小尺度地物的细节信息。     

面向对象的植被与建筑物重叠区域的点云分类方法

在分析LiDAR点云数据分类现状的基础上,针对植被与建筑物重叠区域分类困难的问题,提出了一种基于面向对象的点云分类方法.首先采用三角网渐进内插的滤波方法将点云分为地面点和非地面点,并得到DTM;然后对高出DTM一定高度的非地面点建立三角网,删除较长的三角网的边(地物间的边),从而将非地面点云分割成多个对象;再利用各个对象内的三角网坡度信息熵大小判断该对象属于植被或建筑物;最后对于难以区分的对象(植被与建筑物重叠区)根据建筑物几何规则形状延伸扩充,从而提高植被和建筑物重叠区的点云分类准确率.实验结果表明,该方法能够很好地区分建筑物和植被点,分类准确率达到87％.     

面向对象矿区复垦植被分类最优分割尺度研究

针对面向对象分类中直接影响最终分类精度的分割尺度问题,该文通过基于对象的精度评价,定量对比分析eCognition软件自带的ESP工具、欧几里得距离二指数(ED2)和分割误差(SE)3种分割尺度选择方法,研究不同尺度在矿区复垦植被面向对象分类的精度差异,为高分遥感数据分割尺度的选择提供定量的标准。得出结论:分割尺度的微小变化会导致分类结果的显著差异;ESP工具分类精度最低,SE和ED2全面考虑参照样本与分割对象之间的特征和几何差异,可显著提高面向对象分类精度;将SE和ED2作为最优分割尺度选择算法嵌入面向对象分类体系中,可以快速获取最优分割尺度。     

Earth observation-based multi-scale impact assessment of internally displaced person (IDP) camps on wood resources in Zalingei,Darfur

This study describes the development of a semi-automatic object-based image analysis approach for the detection and quantification of deforestation in Zalingei, Darfur, in consequence of the increasing concentration of refugees or internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the region. The classification workflow is based on a multi-scale approach, ranging from the analysis of high resolution SPOT-4 to very high resolution IKONOS and QuickBird satellite imagery between 2003 and 2008. The overall accuracy rates for the classification of the SPOT 4 data ranged from 92% up to 95%, while those for the QuickBird and IKONOS classification have shown values of 88 and 87%, respectively. The resulting trends in woody vegetation cover were compared with the development of the local population and the variability of precipitation. The results show that the strong increase in human population in the Zalingei IDP camps can be associated with considerable decrease in woody vegetation in the camp vicinity.