Identification of multi-scale corresponding object-set pairs between two polygon datasets with hierarchical co-clustering

In this paper, we propose a means of finding multi-scale corresponding object-set pairs between two polygon datasets by means of hierarchical co-clustering. This method converts the intersection-ratio-based similarities of two objects from two datasets, one from each dataset, into the objects’ proximity in a geometric space using a Laplacian-graph embedding technique. In this space, the method finds hierarchical object clusters by means of agglomerative hierarchical clustering and separates each cluster into object-set pairs according to the datasets to which the objects belong. These pairs are evaluated with a matching criterion to find geometrically corresponding object-set pairs. We applied the proposed method to the segmentation result of a composite image with 6 NDVI images and a forest inventory map. Regardless of the different origins of the datasets, the proposed method can find geometrically corresponding object-set pairs which represent hierarchical distinctive forest areas.     

Mapping of freshwater lake wetlands using object-relations and rule-based inference

Inland freshwater lake wetlands play an important role in regional ecological balance.Hongze Lake is the fourth biggest freshwater lake in China.In the past three decades,there has been significant loss of freshwater wetlands within the lake and at the mouths of neighboring rivers,due to disturbance,primarily from human activities.The main purpose of this paper was to explore a practical technology for differentiating wetlands effectively from upland types in close proximity to them.In the paper,an integrated method,which combined per-pixel and per-field classification,was used for mapping wetlands of Hongze Lake and their neighboring upland types.Firstly,Landsat ETM+ imagery was segmented and classified by using spectral and textural features.Secondly,ETM+ spectral bands,textural features derived from ETM+ Pan imagery,relative relations between neighboring classes,shape features,and elevation were used in a decision tree classification.Thirdly,per-pixel classification results from the decision tree classifier were improved by using classification results from object-oriented classification as a context.The results show that the technology has not only overcome the salt-and-pepper effect commonly observed in the past studies,but also has improved the accuracy of identification by nearly 5%.     

利用马尔柯夫随机场图模型的变化像斑类别判定方法

提出了一种利用马尔柯夫随机场(MRF)图模型获取变化像斑变化后类别的方法。用吉布斯(Gibbs)分布描述MRF图模型,通过计算最大后验概率获取变化像斑类别,以此类别为初始值,通过建立像斑类别空间关系概率矩阵,在初始结果基础上进一步判定变化像斑的类别。实验结果证实了该方法的可行性。     

分布式空间数据存储对象

针对地理空间数据的地域性和日益突出的数据量快速增长特性，提出了分布式空间数据存储对象概念。介绍了基于分布式空间数据存储对象来实现一种高性能、可伸缩、跨平台共事的大规模海量空间数据存储管理机制，为分布式GIS数据存储提供了一种新的思路。     

Generic rule-sets for automated detection of urban tree species from very high-resolution satellite data

The sustainable management and monitoring of urban forests is an important activity in the urbanized world, and operational approaches require information about the status of urban trees to determine the best strategy. One limitation in urban forest studies is the detection and discrimination of tree species using limited training data. Thus, this study focuses on developing generic rule sets from high-resolution WorldView-2 imagery in conjunction with spectral, spatial, colour and textural information for automated urban tree species detection. The object-based image analysis and its combination with statistical analysis of object features is utilized for this purpose. Results of attribute selection indicated that from 55 attributes, only 26 were useful to discriminate urban tree species, namely Messua ferrea L., Samanea saman and Casuarina sumatrana. Finally, the high overall accuracy, approximately 86.87% with kappa of 0.75 confirmed the transferability of the generic model.     

面向对象的覆膜农田信息遥感表征方法

为解决复杂土地利用背景下覆膜农田信息遥感提取方法缺乏的问题,该文以河套灌区为研究区,以Sentinel-2A卫星数据为基础,结合面向对象影像分析和随机森林算法,开展了复杂土地利用背景下灌水与无灌水覆膜农田信息遥感同步提取研究。首先进行遥感影像尺度分割研究,优选出最佳分割尺度。在此基础上,提取光谱特征、纹理特征、几何特征,获取优化特征子集,并采用随机森林机器学习算法表征覆膜农田信息。研究表明,结合利用Sentinel-2A数据与OBIA方法能够有效表征覆膜农田信息,总体精度达93.03%,Kappa系数为0.91;其中,灌水覆膜农田用户精度为91.35%,制图精度为88.57%;无灌水覆膜农田用户精度为97.10%,制图精度为98.63%。研究证明了Sentinel-2A卫星数据和OBIA方法和机器学习算法在覆膜农田信息遥感表征中的应用潜力,能够为地物信息遥感表征研究中提供参考依据。     

Very high spatial resolution optical and radar imagery in tracking water level fluctuations of a small inland reservoir

Tracking water level fluctuations in small lakes and reservoirs is important in order to better understand and manage these ecosystems. A geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) method using very high spatial and temporal resolution optical (Pléiades) and radar (COSMO-SkyMed and TerraSAR-X) remote sensing imagery is presented here which (1) tracks water level fluctuations via variations in water surface area and (2) avoids common difficulties found in using single-band radar images for water-land image classification. Results are robust, with over 98% of image surface area correctly classified into land or water, R² = 0.963 and RMSE = 0.42 m for a total water level fluctuation range of 5.94 m. Multispectral optical imagery is found to be more straightforward in producing results than single-band radar imagery, but the latter crucially increase temporal resolution to the point where fluctuations can be satisfactorily tracked in time. Moreover, an analysis suggests that high and medium spatial resolution imagery is sufficient, in at least some cases, in tracking the water level fluctuations of small inland reservoirs. Finally, limitations of the methodology presented here are briefly discussed along with potential solutions to overcome them.     

Mediterranean forest species mapping using classification of Hyperion imagery

Regional operational forest species mapping is an active research topic that aims to provide the systematic and updatable information necessary for understanding and monitoring the rapidly changing forest environment. In this study, we investigated the potential of satellite hyperspectral imagery in regional forest species mapping by employing a pixel-based and an object-based nearest neighbour classifier in two different Mediterranean study areas. The overall thematic accuracy of the produced maps was assessed using reference data collected in the field and ranged between 0.72 and 0.83. No approach was found to be superior for the study areas. The McNemar test showed no statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level in the classification accuracies achieved by the two approaches. Both pixel- and object-based approaches provide useful maps, suggesting that regional forest species mapping from space has much potential.     

高分辨率遥感影像多尺度分割中最优尺度选取方法综述

目前,对高分辨遥感影像进行地物获取一般采用面向对象的理念,而影像分割是面向对象理念中至关重要的初始环节,分割结果的好坏将直接影响后续的分类工作,分割尺度的选取已经成为了当前研究的一个热点。本文详细总结了前人对高分辨遥感影像多尺度分割中最优尺度的获取方法,指出了各方法的不足之处,并提出了尺度评定的研究前景。     

The use of logistic model tree (LMT) for pixel- and object-based classifications using high-resolution WorldView-2 imagery

Logistic model tree (LMT), a new method integrating standard decision tree (DT) induction and linear logistic regression algorithm in a single tree, have been recently proposed as an alternative to DT-based learning algorithms. In this study, the LMT was applied in the context of pixel- and object-based classifications using high-resolution WorldView-2 imagery, and its performance was compared with C4.5, random forest and Adaboost. Results of the study showed that the LMT generally produced more accurate classification results than the other methods for both pixel- and object-based classifications. The improvement in classification accuracy reached to 3% in pixel-based and 5% in object-based classifications. It was also estimated that the LMT algorithm produced the most accurate results considering the allocation and overall disagreement errors. Based on the Wilcoxon’s Signed-Ranks tests, the performance differences between the LMT and the other methods were statistically significant for both pixel- and object-based image classifications.