城市固体废物(MSW)填埋场中单元覆盖层防渗研究进展

根据世界各国的经验，在未来相当长的时期内，填埋仍将是城市固体废物（MSW）的主要处置方式，但MSW渗滤液的产生及处理不仅加大了填埋场的建设及运行成本，而且也增大了发生二次污染的风险。MSW填埋结构中的单元覆盖层具有防止降水入渗、减少（或消除）渗滤液数量的重要作用，而这种作用能否充分发挥则取决于其渗透性能，因此，单元覆盖层的防渗研究具有重要的实用价值。文章重点介绍了该领域研究已取得的进展，包括阳离子、阴离子、pH及氧化物等对饱和土体渗透性的影响、非饱和土体胀缩行为与渗透性变化的描述及饱和、非饱和土体隔水性能优化等；提出了该领域研究中存在的问题及未来发展方向。     

Geodatabase与城市排水系统规划集成的研究

Geodatabase是美国环境系统研究所(ESRI)提出的第三代地理数据模型,在分析和总结城市排水系统规划涉及的内容以及前人进行的有关GIS应用于城市排水系统规划的基础上,对Geodatabase数据模型与城市排水系统规划集成的优势进行分析,并提出了基于Geodatabase的辅助城市排水系统规划的新型解决方案。在北京市污水处理厂合理布局规划项目中,该解决方案得以成功应用,并被证明在城市排水系统建模、规划数据管理以及规划方案生成效率等方面,较传统的第二代地理数据模型更具优势。     

阜新城市垃圾填埋场对地下水污染的研究

随着我国城市化的发展,城市生活垃圾产量剧增,垃圾渗滤液对地下水的污染问题已成为当前主要的水环境污染问题。通过对阜新市城市垃圾填埋场地理、地质和气候特征的调查,结合阜新市城市发展现状,分析了阜新市城市垃圾填埋场垃圾成分,渗滤液产生量及渗滤液中污染物的浓度,得出了阜新市城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液中各种污染物污染地下水的源强度。采用数值模拟的方法,对垃圾渗滤液污染地下水的情况进行模拟分析,验证了模拟方法的正确性,并对今后的污染情况进行了预测分析。     

Measuring whether municipal climate networks make a difference: the case of utility-scale solar PV investment in large global cities

With cities being responsible for up to 70% of energy-related carbon emissions, municipal governments worldwide are becoming increasingly aware of their responsibility to act. Many large cities have committed to mitigation by becoming member of a municipal climate network, such as the C40 or the Compact of Mayors. However, there is no consistent assessment of whether membership of such networks translates into measurable outcomes. To fill this gap, we propose the use of novel outcome variables, combining financial data with geospatial information. As a starting point, this paper compares utility-scale investment in photovoltaics (PV) within the administrative boundaries of large global cities, combining the Bloomberg New Energy Finance database with information from Google Maps. We analyse 512 global cities with a population of above 1 million, and consider the impact of 5 networks and 2 reporting platforms. The results suggest that membership of the C40 network has a positive effect on utility-scale solar PV investment, while no such evidence is found for any of the other networks or reporting platforms under study. Based on our findings, we recommend that municipal climate networks increase their efforts to trigger city regulation that is conducive to solar PV investment. More generally, measuring early indicators, such as low-carbon investment, can help municipal climate networks in their role as ‘commitment brokers’ for climate action on the ever-more important city level.

Key policy insights

• Cities have considerable policy space to foster utility-scale solar PV investment within their administrative boundaries.

• While some large global cities exhibited significant growth in utility-scale solar PV, many others with good solar potential did not have a single project by the end of 2016.

• Outside of China (where city boundaries often include rural areas), Tokyo tops the list with utility-scale solar PV projects by far, followed by San Diego and Rome.

• Membership of the C40 network appears to make a positive difference to PV investment, unlike other networks or reporting platforms.

• Outcome measures like low-carbon investment can be used more generally to assess the climate action performance of cities.

     

网络RTK技术和传统测量技术结合在数字城管中的应用

随着经济和社会的不断发展,城市人口不断增多,城市规模不断扩大,城市管理范围越来越广,城市公共部件越来越多,如何获得这些公共部件数据并通过信息化手段进行管理以提高城市管理的效率是城市管理迫切需要解决的问题,本文在分析网络RTK特点的基础上提出了采用网络RTK技术和传统测量技术相结合的方式来获取城市公共部件,一方面可以提高数据采集效率,另一方面也可以保证数据采集的精度。     

The neighborhood council: Where ‘top-down’ engages with ‘bottom-up’

The paper examines the neighborhood council from the perspective of its contribution to town planning. Within the context of planning in Israel, two distinct models of neighborhood council and their relationship to the municipal planning administration in two different towns are considered. Their potential as a new arena of planning at the neighborhood level is evaluated, including the ability to mediate between ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’ planning processes, and to offer a planning framework that combines local with professional knowledge.     

Equity in the distribution of urban environmental amenities: the case of Washington,D.C.

This study examines equity issues in access to urban environmental amenities using Washington, D.C. as a case study. The amenities that are the focus of this study, urban trees and urban parks, have a range of social and health benefits for city dwellers, and Washington, D.C. is a major city with a large, diverse population and long-standing geographic divisions by race and class. Using spatial regression techniques, the study examines disparities in access to these amenities by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status at citywide and sub-city scales. Mixed evidence is found for disparities in access across amenities and across scales. The results emphasize the need for studies of access to urban environmental amenities to pay closer attention to the differences between amenities and to issues of scale.     

中国城市生活垃圾处理能力的时空格局及影响因素

基于2003—2017年中国30个省份的数据,探究城市生活垃圾处理能力的时空格局,并构建动态面板数据模型实证检验中国城市生活垃圾处理能力的影响因素。研究结果表明,考察期内城市生活垃圾处理能力存在空间发展不平衡问题;进一步利用Dagum基尼系数测算城市生活垃圾处理能力的空间差距并将其进行分解,其中,东部地区的地区内差距最大,地区间差距则以东部地区和西部地区之间最大,而超变密度则是空间差距的主要来源;此外,通过回归模型发现人均GDP、专利授权数、城镇化水平以及无害化处理厂数目的提升将促进城市生活垃圾处理能力的提高。     

Graphic symbols and local identity: the case of use and perception of municipal emblems in the Liberec Region (Czechia)

This paper analyses the role of graphic symbols in local representation and in the process of local identity formation. The extent of graphic symbols utilization by local development actors in the region, its importance for image formation of the locality (municipality) from the point of view of the local development actors and an assessment of the degree of identification with the municipal emblems among the local population are evaluated, based on the results of a corresponding survey targeted at municipal representatives. Municipal emblems tend to (and also should) have a local representative function. These should emphasize local specificity, uniqueness. Municipal emblems have a potential to play the role of connecting, mediating and activating factors also on a higher as well as a local level. Municipal emblems are still not used enough and in the right way by actors of municipality representations. These are often misunderstood and deemed unimportant for local development.     

规划管理智能决策在城市固体废物治理中的应用

对城市固废治理系统规划管理是有效进行治理决策的根本方法,由此提出了GIS支持的城市固废规划管理智能决策方法。该方法用规划管理的思想将"城市固废治理系统"的决策划分为操作性、战术性、战略性三个层次。在此基础上,构建系统的总体规划。同时,将KBS与总体规划中的半结构化?非结构化模型相结合,提高决策的智能化水平;将GIS与模型整体集成,增强决策的直观性和全面性。给出了该方法的一般性决策模型及决策过程与主要创新,并以该方法为指导,初步建立了GIS支持的城市固废规划管理智能决策系统。