地图误差对地图匹配质量的影响

高精度的数字地图是正确匹配车辆位置的基础。详细分析了地图数据的地理误差和拓扑误差的误差形式,路网数据模型的常见误差因素和改进策略,最后介绍了不同地图匹配算法对地图质量的敏感性和可行性。根据可能出现的误差对现有数字地图和匹配算法加以改进,弥补了原有数字地图带来的不精确缺陷。跑车实验证明,考虑了数字地图误差影响的匹配算法可以明显提高定位精度,减小车辆定位误差。     

GPS单点测速的误差分析及精度评价 (英文)

Error sources which decrease the accuracy of GPS in absolute velocity determination have been changed since SA was turned off. Firstly, quantities of all kinds of error sources that influence velocity determination are analyzed. The potential accuracy of GPS absolute velocity determination is derived from both theory and field GPS data simulation. After that, two tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of GPS absolute velocity determination in the case of a static and an airborne GPS receiver and INS （Inertial Navigation System） instrument in kinematic mode. In static mode, the receiver velocity has been estimated to be several mm/s with the carrier-phase derived Doppler measurements, and several cm/s with the receiver generated Doppler measurements. In kinematic mode, GPS absolute velocity estimates are compared with the synchronized measurements from the high accuracy INS. The root mean square statistics of the velocity discrepancies between GPS and INS come up to dm/s. Moreover, it has a strong correlation with the acceleration or jerk of the aircraft.     

Modelling Positional Uncertainty of Line Features by Accounting for Stochastic Deviations from Straight Line Segments

The assessment of positional uncertainty in line and area features is often based on uncertainty in the coordinates of their elementary vertices which are assumed to be connected by straight lines. Such an approach disregards uncertainty caused by sampling and approximation of a curvilinear feature by a sequence of straight line segments. In this article, a method is proposed that also allows for the latter type of uncertainty by modelling random rectangular deviations from the conventional straight line segments. Using the model on a dense network of sub‐vertices, the contribution of uncertainty due to approximation is emphasised; the sampling effect can be assessed by applying it on a small set of randomly inserted sub‐vertices. A case study demonstrates a feasible way of parameterisation based on assumptions of joint normal distributions for positional errors of the vertices and the rectangular deviations and a uniform distribution of missed sub‐vertices along line segments. Depending on the magnitudes of the different sources of uncertainty, not accounting for potential deviations from straight line segments may drastically underestimate the positional uncertainty of line features.     

GPS控制网环检验程序的设计

在GPS控制测量中,环检验是个不可或缺的步骤,其目的在于及时发现粗差,控制整网的精度。本文通过设计一个环检验程序,从算法角度讨论了手工检验和自动检验的具体实现,并详细介绍了针对复杂网形控制网构环算法的优化,保证了程序的可靠性和稳健性。     

GPS伪卫星的组合定位技术及其误差分析

介绍了GPS伪卫星组合定位的观测模型,详细论述了GPS伪卫星组合定位中存在的误差源,并对各误差源的消除方法进行了分析。     

GPS网中已知点粗差探测时限差的研究

在利用附合导线法对GPS网中已知点的可靠性进行检核时,本文对如何合理地、客观地确定限差,以达到有效检核的目的进行了探讨,提出了检核限差标准。并结合实例进行计算和分析,成功地剔除了含有粗差的已知点。     

浅谈工程测量学的发展

对工程测量学的地位和应用领域,通用和专用仪器的发展,在理论和实践上进行了归纳和总结。简要地叙述了工程测量在国内外的发展情况及其发展趋势。     

A coupling of mixed and discontinuous Galerkin finite-element methods for poroelasticity

In this paper, we formulate a finite-element procedure for approximating the coupled fluid and mechanics in Biot’s consolidation model of poroelasticity. We approximate the flow variables by a mixed finite-element space and the displacement by a family of discontinuous Galerkin methods. Theoretical convergence error estimates are derived and, in particular, are shown to be independent of the constrained specific storage coefficient, c _o . This suggests that our proposed algorithm is a potentially effective way to combat locking, or the nonphysical pressure oscillations, which sometimes arise in numerical algorithms for poroelasticity.     

顾及DEM误差自相关的坡度计算模型精度分析

基于DEM的坡度计算,其误差来源于DEM误差、DEM结构和坡度计算模型。在顾及DEM误差自相关的前提下,对四种DEM坡度计算模型进行了分析和评价。研究表明,三阶不带权差分能给出较高的坡度计算精度;在局部窗口中,格网点数量越多,坡度计算越准确;等权比不等权的坡度计算模型更准确;DEM误差自相关结构形式对坡度计算无影响。进一步的理论分析和试验分析还表明：DEM误差自相关性的存在,不仅能够改善地形分析的精度,也能改善DEM自身精度。     

城市大比例尺航测成图质量评定

主要从大比例尺航测成图质量评定角度出发,提出了既要满足相应规范和用户要求,又要最大限度的发挥航测成图的优势,对产品质量做出公正、客观、正确的质量评价方法。