地理国情普查外业调查与核查探讨

地理国情普查主要是查清我国地形地貌、地表覆盖等自然和人文地理要素的现状和空间分布情况,建立普查成果数据库,为开展常态化的国情监测奠定基础。正确理解吉林省地理国情普查技术设计和作业指导书,以及国情普查的内容与指标,进行外业核查与遥感影像解译样本采集工作,为最终形成地理国情要素数据、地表覆盖分类数据和遥感影像解译样本数据库奠定基础。     

大连市地理信息共享平台建设内容探讨

以大连市为例,对城市地理信息系统共享平台的建设内容进行探讨,明确了建设目标,将系统的总体建设内容分为数据中心工程、标准规范工程、数据建设工程、运维管理工程、应用接口工程、应用系统工程6个部分,并对各部分进行详细地介绍。     

地理信息产业技术公共服务平台评价方法研究

福建省地理信息产业技术公共服务平台是福建省科技厅产业技术公共服务平台建设项目。要充分发挥该平台在推动地理信息产业发展中的作用,集聚产、学、研各方优势资源,提升中小企业的技术水平和创新能力,就要在交易平台中设计一套完善的评价方法,促进交易平台上交易双方不断提升自己的服务能力。本文介绍了常规电子商务网站的评价体系和存在的普遍性问题,并根据实际对本平台评价方法进行了初步设计。     

应急地理信息数据管理探讨

应急地理信息作为地理信息的重要组成部分,涉及众多行业部门,要想有效地利用应急地理信息资源,对应急地理信息数据管理的研究则非常重要。本文以应急地理信息的分类、资源目录管理、采集与入库、授权与共享为主要研究内容,结合数据管理原型对研究内容进行了实践开发。为建设应急地理信息服务平台积累了经验,为政府应急部门快速利用应急信息分析研判、处置应急事件提供了技术支撑。     

基于移动端的“智慧城市与地理国情一张图系统”设计及其应用

系统把智慧城市建设与地理国情应用完美结合,形成时空一体、二三维一体的集成多源数据的一张图;开发IPAD版系统,把PC端的数据处理向移动端适时展现。系统具有国情普查数据的展示和分析、专题地图展示、电子地图、三维模型展示、轨迹记录,以及其他GIS基本功能。在屏幕上任意点取闭合图形,就会实时显示选定图形范围内的国情数据及统计分析数据。辅助决策者又好又快地进行科学决策。     

Assessing quality of volunteer crowdsourcing contributions: lessons from the Cropland Capture game

Volunteered geographic information (VGI) is the assembly of spatial information based on public input. While VGI has proliferated in recent years, assessing the quality of volunteer-contributed data has proven challenging, leading some to question the efficiency of such programs. In this paper, we compare several quality metrics for individual volunteers’ contributions. The data were the product of the ‘Cropland Capture’ game, in which several thousand volunteers assessed 165,000 images for the presence of cropland over the course of 6 months. We compared agreement between volunteer ratings and an image's majority classification with volunteer self-agreement on repeated images and expert evaluations. We also examined the impact of experience and learning on performance. Volunteer self-agreement was nearly always higher than agreement with majority classifications, and much greater than agreement with expert validations although these metrics were all positively correlated. Volunteer quality showed a broad trend toward improvement with experience, but the highest accuracies were achieved by a handful of moderately active contributors, not the most active volunteers. Our results emphasize the importance of a universal set of expert-validated tasks as a gold standard for evaluating VGI quality.     

全景图增强地理现实的空间认知问题

基于全景图的增强地理现实平台是一种新的空间认知工具,研究其空间认知问题是进行技术研究的基础。文中介绍全景图增强地理现实的主要技术流程和优势;阐述基于全景图增强地理现实进行空间认知的基础模型;分析全景图和地理信息数据的信息匹配问题,包括比例尺和位置匹配两个方面;介绍地理信息在全景图像上的表达方式,重点解决增强目标和属性信息的选择问题;最后通过与街景地图、虚拟现实平台进行空间认知比较,得出全景图增强地理现实平台的有效性和主要适用范围,表明该平台具有独特的空间认知优势。     

论虚拟地理环境对地理知识的表达与共享

地理知识是通过对地理科学领域独特的背景、过程和结果进行解释而得到的知识。如何有效表达和共享地理知识是地理学研究和应用中的重要问题。本文首先将地理知识划分为3个层次,事实型知识、规则及控制型知识和决策型知识,分析了不同阶段地理语言对地理知识表达与共享的支持能力。对比地图和GIS语言,发现新一代地理语言—虚拟地理环境VGEs(Virtual Geographic Environments)能够较为全面地支持3个层次的地理知识。针对VGEs,从多个角度分析了其服务于地理知识表达与共享的能力,包括虚实结合理论、地理模型库及管理系统、动态可视化表达和异地协同工作环境。结合面向珠江三角洲地区空气质量研究问题的虚拟地理环境平台,对上述各方面进行了阐述。最后从地理知识生成、管理与应用角度对未来研究提出展望。     

鄱阳湖生态环境动态监测服务系统

针对目前生态环境监测中多源多尺度数据获取、定量遥感模型半自动化条件制约海量数据的快速处理与分析以及静态的时空快照服务难以表达动态变化过程等问题,该文从基于传感网的数据多元化实时感知获取、基于数据仓库的生态信息主题化动态汇聚、基于多尺度WFS的智能化服务、基于动态数据驱动的仿真动态模拟知识化应用方面考虑,设计湖泊流域生态环境动态监测服务系统。以鄱阳湖为例进行验证,为鄱阳湖流域的生态监测以及江西省生态文明试验区建设提供服务。     

A hybrid approach to modeling territorial control in violent armed conflicts

Territorial control is central to the understanding of violent armed conflicts, yet reliable and valid measures of this concept do not exist. We argue that geospatial analysis provides an important perspective to measure the concept. In particular, measuring territorial control can be seen as an application of calculating service areas around points of control. The modeling challenge is acute for areas with limited road infrastructure, where no complete network is available to perform the analysis, and movements largely occur off road. We present a new geospatial approach that applies network analysis on a hybrid transportation network with both actual road data and hexagon‐fishnet‐based artificial road data representing on‐road and off‐road movements, respectively. Movement speed or restriction can be readily adjusted using various input data. Simulating off‐road movement with hexagon‐fishnet‐based artificial road data has a number of advantages including scalability to small or large study areas and flexibility to allow all‐directional travel. We apply this method to measuring territorial control of armed groups in Sub‐Saharan Africa where inferior transport infrastructure is the norm. Based on the Uppsala Conflict Data Program's (UCDP) Georeferenced Event Data (GED) as well as spatial data on terrain, population locations, and limited transportation networks, we enhance the delineation of the specific areas directly controlled by each warring party during civil wars within a given travel time.